1. An extraordinary achievement in technology

2.  Robot is an invention of the modern
times.
 A robot is a mechanical or virtual
intelligent agent that can perform
tasks automatically or with guidance,
typically by remote control.
 an electro-mechanical machine that is
guided by computer and electronic
programming.
 Today, over one million household
robots, and a further 1.1 million
industrial robots, are operating
worldwide.

3.  ASIMO - advanced step in innovative mobility.
 TOPIO - tosy ping pong playing robot.

4.  Line follower is a machine that can follow a path.
 The path can be
visible like a black line
on a white surface (or vice-versa).
 Path can be invisible
like a magnetic field.

6.  CHASSIS: the main frame of the robot, the body
which holds the motor, wheels and the batteries.

7.  WHEELS: wheels are mainly of two types , one is the
attached to the motors at the back which is used for
steering and another castor wheel in front, which
allows 360 degrees free rotation and avoids friction on
the ground.
 BATTERIES: used for supplying power to a robot, Zinc
carbon batteries can be used.

8. POWER SUPPLY: the voltage regulator regulates the
supply if the line voltage increases or decreases. The
series 78xx regulators provide fixed regulated voltages
from 5 to 24 volts.
ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY:
Input Section.
Output section.
Control section.

9. MOTORS: as car needs an engine to run, similarly
robot also needs something to make it run.it is a
mechanical device which cause movement to robo.
such as stepper motor servo motor or dc motor etc.

11. LEFT MOTOR RIGHT MOTOR ROBOT MOVEMENT
Straight Straight Straight
Stop Straight Left
reverse Straight Sharp left
Straight Stop Right
Straight Reverse Sharp right
reverse Reverse Reverse

12.  The robot uses IR(infrared) sensors to sense the line.
 Output of the sensors is an analog signal which depends on
the amount of light reflected back.
 This analog signal is given to the comparator to
produce 0s and 1s which are then fed to the uC.
Then microcontroler decides the position of robot in leftt
or right direaction.

13. Industrial automated equipment carriers.
Automated cars.
Tour guides in museums and other similar
applications.
Deliver the mail within the office building
Deliver medications in a hospital.

14. The robot must be capable of following a line
The robot must also be capable of following a
line even if it has breaks.
The robot must be insensitive to environmental
factors such as lighting and noise.
It should be capable of taking various degrees of
turns
The color of the line must not be a factor as long
as it is darker than the surroundings.

15. LFR can move on a fixed track or path.
It requires power supply.
Lack of speed control makes the robot unstable
at times.
Choice of line is made in the hardware
abstraction and cannot be changed by software.

16. LINE FOLLOWER IS A MECHINE THAT CAN
FOLLOW A PATH.
THE PATH CAN VISIBLE LIKE WHITE LINE ON
BLACK SIRFACE.
PATH CAN BE INVISIBLE LIKE MAGNET FIELD