1. Splash Screen

2. Contents Chapter Introduction Section 1 China Reunified Section 2 The Mongols and China Section 3 Early Japan and Korea Section 4 India after the Guptas Section 5 Civilization in Southeast Asia Chapter Summary Chapter Assessment Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides.

3. Intro 1 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

9. End of Intro

13. Section 1-4 Preview of Events China Reunified

14. Section 1-5 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

15. Section 1-6 The Tang was the only dynasty that allowed a female to become “emperor.” Empress Wu, a woman who had clawed her way out of her position as a concubine by murdering her own daughter and then framing the childless empress for the crime, was known as a harsh ruler. She also lowered taxes, supported the arts, and put civil service examination graduates in the highest government positions, however.

23. Section 1-14 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. The Grand Canal aided shipping by linking China’s two great rivers. What are some other important canals in world history? The Erie Canal connected the Great Lakes to the Hudson River. The Panama Canal made a huge difference for moving goods between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, and the Suez Canal opened a water route between the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean. The Sui Dynasty and The Tang Dynasty (cont.) (pages 247–249)

28. Section 1-19 Boys preparing for the Chinese civil service examination had to memorize Confucian texts before learning what they meant. Is there any educational value for students to memorize poems, texts, etc.? The Song Dynasty (cont.) (pages 249–250)

34. Section 1-25 What might motivate a powerful dynasty to help the poor? Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Possible answers: A concern for their plight and social justice and a desire to make allies of such a large population in the struggle with the aristocrats and local nobles might have motivated a powerful dynasty to help the poor. Government and the Economy (cont.) (pages 250–251)

40. Section 1-31 What was an effect of the invention of block printing? Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. One effect was that images or writing could be more easily reproduced and more people had access to them. Chinese Society (cont.) (page 252)

41. Section 1-32 __ 1. a gift of money or property paid at the time of marriage, either by the bride’s parents to her husband, or, in Islamic societies, by a husband to his wife __ 2. in China, a group of people who controlled much of the land and produced most of the candidates for the civil service A. scholar-gentry B. dowry Define Match each definition in the left column with the appropriate term in the right column. B A Checking for Understanding Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.

42. Section 1-33 Describe the reasons that civil service examinations were instituted by the Tang and Song rulers. Also describe the impact of the use of the exams on the Chinese government. Checking for Understanding Civil service examinations were instituted to ensure that government positions went to the most qualified people. The exams weakened the power of the landed aristocrats. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

43. Section 1-34 Checking for Understanding Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. List the new social and economic classes that emerged in the countryside during the Tang and Song Eras. A more complex mixture of landowners, free peasants, sharecroppers, and landless laborers emerged during the Tang and Song Eras. Also, the scholar-gentry class replaced the landed aristocracy.

44. Section 1-35 Critical Thinking Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Evaluate The Chinese form of government was adopted by many other countries. Describe the basis for the Chinese form of government and evaluate its effectiveness. China was a monarchy with a large bureaucracy. The country was divided into provinces, districts, and villages. Civil service exams were used to select civil servants by merit. Competent bureaucrats were very effective.

45. Section 1-36 Analyzing Visuals Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Describe in detail the people and activities depicted in the painting shown on page 251 of your textbook. Identify and describe elements in a present-day situation that parallel the situation shown in the painting. Students taking an exam is a parallel present-day situation.

46. Section 1-37 Close Guide students in a discussion of the new ideas in mathematics, science, and technology that developed during the Chinese periods discussed in this section. You may wish to compare these developments to those discussed in Chapter 3. Trace the spread of these ideas to other civilizations.

47. End of Section 1

51. Section 2-4 Preview of Events The Mongols and China

52. Section 2-5 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

53. Section 2-6 Genghis Khan used homing pigeons as messengers for military and political instructions. As he expanded his territory, he set up pigeon relay posts across Asia and much of eastern Europe; the pigeons transmitted instructions to his capital for the governing of his distant dominions.

57. Section 2-10 What imported inventions have had a large effect on America? The Mongol Empire (cont.) (pages 253–254)

63. Section 2-16 From what poem do the following lines come? “But oh! That deep romantic chasm which slanted/Down the green hill athwart a cedarn cover! A savage place! as holy and enchanted/as e’er beneath a waning moon was haunted/By woman wailing for her demon-lover.” Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. The lines are from Kubla Khan, by the English romantic poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge. The Mongol Dynasty in China (cont.) (pages 254–255)

70. Section 2-23 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Many Eastern religions emphasize that the material realm of sense perception is an illusion. What does that idea mean? Possible answer: The basic idea is that there is a non-material structure of permanence beneath changing appearances, or illusions. Religion and Government (cont.) (pages 255–256)

77. Section 2-30 Look at Li Bo’s poem on page 256 of your textbook. What does it say about Chinese culture that generations of Chinese schoolchildren have learned this poem? A Golden Age in Literature and Art (cont.) (pages 256–257)

78. Section 2-31 __ 1. a revised form of Confucianism that evolved as a response to Buddhism and held sway in China from the late Tang dynasty to the end of the dynastic system in the twentieth century __ 2. a ceramic made of fine clay baked at very high temperatures __ 3. one of the several separate territories into which Genghis Khan’s empire was split, each under the rule of one of his sons A. khanate B. neo-Confucianism C. porcelain Define Match each definition in the left column with the appropriate term in the right column. B C A Checking for Understanding Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.

79. Section 2-32 Explain how neo-Confucianism differs from Confucianism. Checking for Understanding Confucianism is primarily a system of social ethics and political ideals. Neo-Confucianism encourages speculation on the nature of the universe and humanity’s place in it. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

80. Section 2-33 Checking for Understanding Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. List the ways in which Daoism is represented in Chinese art of the Song and Mongol dynasties. Daoism is represented in Chinese art by empty spaces left in paintings and the idea that humans are insignificant in the midst of nature.

81. Section 2-34 Critical Thinking Explain What is the difference between the Buddhist and neo-Confucian philosophies? What impact might these two philosophies have had on the way the early Chinese viewed life? In Buddhism, the material world is not real. In neo-Confucianism the world is real, and fulfillment comes from participation in the world. The early Chinese placed action over contemplation. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

82. Section 2-35 Describe what you see in the landscape painting shown on page 257 of your textbook, then describe your emotional reaction to the painting. How do you think the painting reflects the times during which it was created? What artistic ideals did the artist express in the work? Analyzing Visuals

83. Section 2-36 Close Discuss the developments in Chinese culture that took place during the Mongol dynasty.

84. End of Section 2

88. Section 3-4 Preview of Events Early Japan and Korea

89. Section 3-5 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

90. Section 3-6 The Zen Buddhist tea ceremony consists of the host bringing tea utensils into the room, offering the guests sweets, and then preparing and serving the guests tea made of pulverized tea leaf in hot water. The prepared tea is usually thin and frothy with a mildly astringent flavor. A light meal may precede the serving of sweets and tea.

93. Section 3-9 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. From Japan’s geography, which do you think is a larger source of protein for the Japanese, beef or fish? Fish, because Japan is a nation of islands. Since much of Japan is mountainous, there is not much land for grazing cattle. In recent times, however, more and more Japanese are eating beef. The Geography of Japan (cont.) (pages 263–264)

104. Section 3-20 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What are some powerful, wealthy families from American history? Three examples are the Roosevelts, Kennedys, and Rockefellers. The Rise of the Japanese State (cont.) (pages 264–265)

114. Section 3-30 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Who are some contemporary female fiction writers? Toni Morrison, Amy Tan, and J.K. Rowling are contemporary female fiction writers. Life in Early Japan (cont.) (page 266)

119. Section 3-35 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Why is it not surprising that the Chinese political model influenced Korea more than any other East Asian country? Geographically, Korea is really a peninsula of China. The Emergence of Korea (cont.) (page 267)

120. Section 3-36 __ 1. “the way of the warrior,” the strict code by which Japanese samurai were supposed to live __ 2. “great names,” heads of noble families in Japan who controlled vast landed estates and relied on samurai for protection __ 3. “those who serve,” Japanese warriors similar to the knights of medieval Europe __ 4. “the Sacred Way” or “the Way of the Gods,” the Japanese state religion; among its doctrines are the divinity of the emperor and the sacredness of the Japanese nation A. samurai B. Bushido C. shogun D. daimyo E. Shinto Define Match each definition in the left column with the appropriate term in the right column. B D A E Checking for Understanding Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.

121. Section 3-37 __ 5. “general,” a powerful military leader in Japan A. samurai B. Bushido C. shogun D. daimyo E. Shinto Define Match each definition in the left column with the appropriate term in the right column. C Checking for Understanding Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

122. Section 3-38 Explain why women were the most productive writers of prose fiction in Japan between the ninth and twelfth centuries. Checking for Understanding Men considered fiction vulgar. Women wrote to pass the time. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

123. Section 3-39 Checking for Understanding Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. List the reforms in government made by Shotoku Taishi’s successors. Which country’s system of government was the model for these reforms? Shotoku’s successors divided the territory into administrative districts, with taxes paid directly to the central government. China’s government was a model for these reforms.

124. Section 3-40 Critical Thinking Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Explain How did the samurai and shogun affect the government of early Japan? The samurai kept Japan from developing a strong central government. The shogun was an aristocrat who effectively ruled Japan.

125. Section 3-41 Analyzing Visuals Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Examine the painting of the woman shown on page 266 of your textbook. What do you think her role was in Japanese society? Identify elements in the painting that support your answer. Do you see any similarities between the tone and mood of the painting and the feelings generated by looking at the landscape architecture shown on page 267 of your textbook? The woman was a court entertainer. Both works reflect grace and harmony.

126. Section 3-42 Close Discuss the difficulty Japan’s leaders faced in establishing and maintaining central control over their lands.

127. End of Section 3

131. Section 4-4 Preview of Events India after the Guptas

132. Section 4-5 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

133. Section 4-6 In India, as in many other Asian countries, the elephant is the work animal for such projects as clearing land. Cows generally are not put to work in India because Hindus believe they are sacred, a belief that has given us our expression sacred cow. According to legend, the Hindu hero Prithu changed himself into a cow to encourage his countrymen to be vegetarians.

138. Section 4-11 What might influence people to follow one view of Buddhism over another? The Decline of Buddhism (cont.) (pages 268–269)

142. Section 4-15 What do you know about Islamic beliefs? The Eastward Expansion of Islam (cont.) (page 269)

146. Section 4-19 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What principle for treating war prisoners is recognized by just war theory? The principle of humanity: A person does not lose basic rights as a war prisoner, a position Timur Lenk clearly did not hold. The Impact of Timur Lenk (cont.) (pages 269–270)

150. Section 4-23 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What country was created to try to alleviate the Hindu and Muslim conflicts in India? The Muslim state of Pakistan was created in 1947 to alleviate conflict. Islam and Indian Society (cont.) (page 270)

154. Section 4-27 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. From this and the previous chapters of your textbook, what patterns do you see in the economic relations between the rich and poor? Possible answer: Commonly the peasants struggled with keeping their own land and avoiding having to become tenant farmers of the landed aristocracy. Economy and Daily Life (cont.) (pages 270–271)

158. Section 4-31 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. In your opinion, what is the difference between prose and poetry in regard to what each expresses.? Possible answer: Prose may be better able to carry a story and develop character, although great epic poems like Homer’s do both well. Poetry may be better at expressing intuitive insights. The Wonder of Indian Culture (cont.) (pages 271–272)

159. Section 4-32 __ 1. “the teachings of the elders,” a school of Buddhism that developed in India; its followers view Buddhism as a way of life, not a religion centered on individual salvation __ 2. a school of Buddhism that developed in northwest India, stressing the view that nirvana can be achieved through devotion to the Buddha; its followers consider Buddhism a religion, not a philosophy, and the Buddha is a divine figure A. Theravada B. Mahayana Define Match each definition in the left column with the appropriate term in the right column. A B Checking for Understanding Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.

160. Section 4-33 Explain what happened to the spread of Buddhism in India. Checking for Understanding Theravada declined, and Mahayana was absorbed by Hinduism and Islam. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

161. Section 4-34 Checking for Understanding Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. List the two groups that entered India after the death of Timur Lenk. The Moguls and the Portuguese entered India after the death of Timur Lenk.

162. Section 4-35 Critical Thinking Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Evaluate What was the impact of the introduction of Islam into the Indian culture? Give reasons to support whether the impact was negative or positive. Possible answer: Muslims angered Hindus. The impact was negative because the two remain bitter rivals to this day.

163. Section 4-36 Analyzing Visuals Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Analyze how the Hindu temple, shown on page 272 of your textbook, reflects the history of the culture in which it was produced. The temple is monumental, it gives a sense of unity, and the decorations reflect Hindu beliefs and stories.

164. Section 4-37 Close Discuss how India’s rich economy allowed it to support the arts and led to the construction of many fabulous temples and palaces.

165. End of Section 4

169. Section 5-4 Preview of Events Civilization in Southeast Asia

170. Section 5-5 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

171. Section 5-6 The site of Trinil on Java is famous for the 1891 discovery by the Dutch army surgeon Eugène Dubois of the first fossilized remains of Homo erectus, or “Java man.” The fossils mean that the island was the site of human activity as early as 800,000 years ago.

175. Section 5-10 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Did geography affect the fact that Southeast Asia never unified under a single government? The answer is “Yes.” The combination of the many mountain ranges and dense forests helped to keep people from unifying. The Land and People of Southeast Asia (cont.) (pages 273–274)

183. Section 5-18 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What were the major religions of the early Southeast Asian states? Vietnam followed Confucianism. Thailand and Burma (Pagan) followed Buddhism. The Malay Peninsula and the Indonesian Archipelago followed Islam. The Formation of States (cont.) (pages 274–276)

189. Section 5-24 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Why were spices so sought after by wealthy Europeans? Spices were used to help preserve food or to hide the smell of rotting foods. Spices were also used as perfumes and were carried in hand kerchiefs to aid in blotting out the stench of urban life. Economic Forces and Social Structures (cont.) (page 277)

193. Section 5-28 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What about the beliefs and practices of Buddhism might attract a convert? Possible answers: It promises an escape from suffering and it emphasizes compassion for all living things. Culture and Religion (cont.) (pages 277–278)

194. Section 5-29 __ 1. a group of people who depend primarily on trade for income __ 2. a chain of islands __ 3. a group of people whose economy is largely based on farming A. archipelago B. agricultural society C. trading society Define Match each definition in the left column with the appropriate term in the right column. C A B Checking for Understanding Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.

195. Section 5-30 Explain the importance of Islam in the development of Melaka. What other religious and philosophical influences were important in the formation of states in Southeast Asia? Checking for Understanding Muslim merchants settled port cities, and an Islamic state formed. Hinduism and Buddhism were also important in the formation of states in Southeast Asia. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

196. Section 5-31 Checking for Understanding Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. List the Chinese reforms that were adopted by the Dai Viet. State Confucianism, Chinese court rituals, and civil service examinations were adopted by the Dai Viet.

197. Section 5-32 Critical Thinking Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Explain How would an increase in trade and exporting cause a region to develop more complex forms of political and social organization? Use examples from the textbook to support your answer. Cities would grow, and new classes (merchants, artisans) would evolve. To maintain control, more sophisticated forms of political organization would be needed.

198. Section 5-33 Analyzing Visuals Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Compare the examples of religious temples and their art pictured on pages 275, 277, and 278 of your textbook. What elements or features are unique in each example? Identify the country where each was built or resides. How do these buildings and sculptures compare to the religious art and architecture in your area? The shape of towers is different, and the art differs between the Hindu and Buddhist temples. The temples were built in Thailand, Cambodia, Java.

199. Section 5-34 Close Discuss the importance of the physical geography of Southeast Asia on the development of states and cultures in its history.

200. End of Section 5

201. Chapter Summary 1 Chapter Summary In the Asian world, countries developed different political systems and forms of government. Each country, however, had strong leaders, as shown below.

202. End of Chapter Summary

203. Chapter Assessment 1 1. The sons of Genghis Khan divided his empire up into separate territories called _______________. 2. The purpose of the _______________ in Japan was to protect the security and property of their patrons. 3. In Japan, a powerful military leader who exercised actual power while ruling under the emperor’s name was called a _______________. 4. In India, the teachings of the Buddha came to be interpreted in two different ways: the school of Theravada and the school of _______________. 5. Southeast Asia has a mainland region and an extensive _______________, or chain of islands. Insert the key term that best completes each of the following sentences. Using Key Terms Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. khanates samurai shogun Mahayana archipelago

204. Chapter Assessment 2 History Discuss the importance of the kamikaze, the “divine wind,” in early Japanese history. Reviewing Key Facts The kamikaze destroyed the Mongol fleet that was attempting to invade Japan. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

205. Chapter Assessment 3 Reviewing Key Facts Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Geography Name the two rivers in China that the Grand Canal connected. Explain why the canal was important. The Grand Canal connected the Huang He and Chang Jiang Rivers. The canal made it easier to ship rice from the south to the north.

206. Chapter Assessment 4 Reviewing Key Facts Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Science and Technology Choose three products developed by the Tang and discuss the importance of each. Steel was used to make weapons and farm tools. Cotton made new kinds of clothing. Gunpowder was used to make explosives and weapons.

207. Chapter Assessment 5 Reviewing Key Facts Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Government Explain the circumstances under which the Mongol dynasty ended. Name the dynasty that emerged as a result. The Mongol dynasty ended because of too much spending on foreign conquests, corruption at court, and internal instability. The Ming dynasty emerged after the Mongol dynasty.

208. Chapter Assessment 5 Reviewing Key Facts Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Geography Compare the geography of Japan and China. How did geography influence their development? The Mongol dynasty ended because of too much spending on foreign conquests, corruption at court, and internal instability. The Ming dynasty emerged after the Mongol dynasty.

209. Chapter Assessment 6 Reviewing Key Facts Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Economy Specify the reasons India was successful in world trade. India was successful in world trade because of its location at the crossroads of major trade routes between Southwest Asia and East Asia.

210. Chapter Assessment 7 Critical Thinking Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Analyzing How did the civil service examinations aid in the development of a strong central government in China? The civil service examinations ensured that bureaucrats were well trained since appointments were based on merit.

211. Chapter Assessment 8 Critical Thinking Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Making Comparisons In what ways were the roles of women of the early Chinese dynasties similar to the roles of women of Southeast Asia? How were they different? Women in both regions were given fewer rights than men and were primarily viewed as homemakers, wives, and mothers. Women in Southeast Asia had more rights than their counterparts in China. They worked alongside men in the fields and played an active role in trading activities.

212. Chapter Assessment 9 Analyzing Maps and Charts Study the map below and answer the questions on the following slides.

213. Chapter Assessment 10 From the map, determine in which geographic direction the population shifted. The population decreased in the north and increased in the southeast. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Analyzing Maps and Charts

214. Chapter Assessment 11 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Analyzing Maps and Charts Using your textbook, explain why the population decreased in certain areas of China during this period. The population decreased in some areas due to the Uighur threat in the north and civil war.

215. Chapter Assessment 12 Which of the following sentences completes the flowchart? F Central authority eroded. G The Yuan dynasty expanded. H Regional trade increased. J More Shinto shrines were built. Test-Taking Tip Flowcharts show how events influenced other events. Study the progression carefully. Think about what cause-and-effect relationship the flowchart illustrates. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Directions: Use the flowchart and your knowledge of world history to choose the best answer to the following question. Standardized Test Practice

216. End of Chapter Assessment

217. World History Online Explore online information about the topics introduced in this chapter. Click on the Connect button to launch your browser and go to the Glencoe World History Web site. At this site, you will find interactive activities, current events information, and Web sites correlated with the chapters and units in the textbook. When you finish exploring, exit the browser program to return to this presentation. If you experience difficulty connecting to the Web site, manually launch your Web browser and go to http://wh.glencoe.com

218. CC 1 Economics Make a list of new products China manufactured during the Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties. Identify and support your choice of the product you believe was most important to changing the history of China.

219. CC 2 Science Literature Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slide.

220. CC 2a Science The Gobi is known as a vast zone of desert, occupying about 30 percent of Mongolia. However, the Gobi also features semi-arid grasslands. The western part of the Gobi has high mountains, forests, and steppes. The Gobi is home to wild horses, whose ancestors were used by Genghis Khan. It is also home to snow leopards, mountain sheep, ibex, lynx, gazelles, the Gobi bear, and the khavtagi, a wild camel that is the ancestor of the Bactrian camel. Summer temperatures often reach 104 °F, and winter temperatures can drop as low as -40°F.

221. CC 2b Literature One of the most famous poems of the English Romantic period is “Kublai Khan,” by Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Published in 1816, it portrays Kublai Kahn’s court as a place of fantastic beauty. His magnificent capital is thought to be the city Coleridge calls Xanadu.

222. CC 3 Government Speculate about how limited trade, mountainous land, and an agrarian economy would have contributed to the lack of a central government in Japan.

223. CC 4 Music Another area of creativity that developed in India during this era was music. Indian classical music is based on a musical scale called a raga. Performers select a basic raga and then are free to improvise the melody and rhythm, as is the case with Western jazz music. Many artists, including the late George Harrison of the Beatles, have been influenced by Indian music. Identify examples of music that transcend the cultures in which they were created and convey universal themes.

224. CC 5 Geography Using a wall map if possible, locate the water routes by which cultural elements from India and China were transported to the countries of Southeast Asia.

225. WWWW 1 Chinese Classical Writing Chinese writing dates back to about 1400 B.C. and is an intricate system of characters that used to be written with a paintbrush. A Chinese typewriter contains a tray of over 2,000 characters, with several thousand more available on other trays.

226. WWWW 2 Mongolian Capital The Mongolian capital of Karakorum was founded in 1220 in the Orkhon Valley, at the crossroads of the Silk Road. The city was visited by a papal mission led by Giovanni Carpini in 1267. Karakorum still has ruins of the first Buddhist monastery built in Mongolia, which was built in 1586, more than three hundred years after Kublai Khan had moved his capital to Bejing in 1267. The monastery was surrounded by majestic walls, approximately 400 m long, and the ruins are still visible. The ruins of Karakorum were found in 1889 by a Russian explorer, N. M. Yadrinstev.

227. WWWW 5 contents Borobudur Batik Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slide.

228. WWWW 5a Borobudur Another magnificent religious complex in Southeast Asia, Borobudur, is located on the island of Java. Built about 800 A.D., it is not only a temple but also a representation of Buddhist doctrine. As visitors climb its five terraces, they pass from sculptural depictions of the ordinary world to those suggesting the profound truths of Buddhist enlightenment.

229. WWWW 5b Batik The cloth known as batik originated in Southeast Asia but is known in many other parts of the world. Report on the history of batik and how it is made. Bring a piece of batik cloth to class.

230. TP 2 After you have read this chapter, identify changes that resulted from the Mongol invasions.

231. TP 3 The kamikaze, or “divine wind,” that saved Japan from Mongol defeat in 1281 never lost its importance for the Japanese. During World War II, Japanese suicide pilots who dived their planes into Allied aircraft carriers were known as kamikaze pilots.

232. Skill Builder 1 If someone asked you what the movie Star Wars was about, how would you answer? At first you might want to describe everything that happens in the movie. Identifying central issues is finding the key themes, or major ideas, in a body of information. Central issues are the framework that holds a body of information together. Identifying Central Issues Why Learn This Skill? This feature can be found on page 279 of your textbook.

234. Skill Builder 3 Learning the Skill This feature can be found on page 279 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Read the following excerpt from Code of the Samurai: A Modern Translation of the Bushido Shoshinshu of Taira Shigesuke discussing the rules and expectations of Japan’s warrior class.  “ . . . when young people or servants are unmannerly in conversation and other interaction with their employers or parents, and yet this is overlooked as long as they are sincere in their regard for their employers and parents, this is the loyalty and familial duty of the lower three classes. In the way of warriors, no matter how much you may treasure loyalty and familial duty in your heart, without the courteous manners to express respect for your employers and honor for your parents, you cannot be said to be in accord with the way.” Identifying Central Issues

235. Skill Builder 4 Learning the Skill The Bushido code emphasizes courtesy and respect. The central issue in this excerpt is that warriors must express their respect through actions. Identifying Central Issues This feature can be found on page 279 of your textbook.

236. Skill Builder 5 Practicing the Skill Read the excerpt below from The Travels of Marco Polo the Venetian about Kublai Khan and answer the questions on the following slides.  Identifying Central Issues “ But since the wise men of the idolaters, and especially the baksis [learned astrologers], already mentioned, have represented to his majesty that providing for the poor is a good work and highly acceptable to their deities, he has relieved their wants in the manner stated, and at his court none are denied food who come to ask it. Not a day passes in which there are not distributed, by the regular officers, twenty thousand vessels of rice, millet, and panicum. By reason of this admirable and astonishing liberality which the grand khan exercises towards the poor, the people all adore him as a divinity.” This feature can be found on page 279 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

237. Skill Builder 6 According to Marco Polo, how do people view Kublai Khan? Practicing the Skill People view Kublai Khan as a divinity. This feature can be found on page 279 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Identifying Central Issues

238. Skill Builder 7 Summarize the central issue in one sentence. Practicing the Skill This feature can be found on page 279 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Kublai Khan is generous to the poor. Identifying Central Issues

239. A Story That Matters 1 Read Japan Faces Kublai Kahn on page 246 of your textbook. Then answer the questions on the following slides. This feature can be found on page 246 of your textbook. Destruction of the Mongol fleet attacking Japan Kublai Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan

240. A Story That Matters 2 What reasons might the leaders of China have had to invade the much less developed state of Japan? Possible answer: The leaders of China might have had to invade Japan to show the might of China and to force the Japanese to pay tribute. This feature can be found on page 246 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

241. A Story That Matters 3 Why did Kublai Khan wait seven years before trying to invade Japan a second time? Possible answer: He was distracted with other campaigns, needed to rebuild or strengthen the naval fleet, or needed time to recruit and train 120,000 more warriors. This feature can be found on page 246 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

242. A Story That Matters 4 How could the relatively poor and weak states in Japan maintain their independence from foreign domination for many years? Japan’s island geography kept it isolated. This feature can be found on page 246 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

243. Eyewitness 1 Click the image on the right to listen to an excerpt from page 262 of your textbook. Read the information on page 262 of your textbook. Then answer the questions on the following slides. This feature can be found on page 262 of your textbook. Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

244. Eyewitness 2 This feature can be found on page 262 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What did the arrangement of the banquet tables symbolize about the Great Khan’s reign? The arrangement of the banquet tables symbolized the hierarchy of society, with each level at the feet of the level above it and Kublai Khan at the highest level. Even the Great Khan’s family members sat beneath him, their heads level with the emperor’s feet.

245. Eyewitness 3 This feature can be found on page 262 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Who was the center of attention at the banquet–the Great Khan or his guests? Why? From Marco Polo’s description, the banquet revolved around the host. Great care was taken that nothing tainted Kublai Khan’s food and drink, music was played as he began to sip, and all the company bowed before him as he did so. This is how the power of his position was reinforced.

246. The Way It Was 1 Traditional China By using the civil service examination, a practice started by the Qin dynasty, Tang and Song rulers sought to recruit a class of civil servants based on merit. This undermined the power of the aristocrats and created a new class of scholar-gentry. Read the excerpt on pages 250–251 of your textbook and answer the questions on the following slides. This feature can be found on pages 250–251 of your textbook.

247. The Way It Was 2 Summarizing What skills were Chinese boys required to master in preparation for the civil service exams? They were required to master reading and writing and to memorize all of the Confucian classics. This feature can be found on pages 250–251 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

248. The Way It Was 3 Explaining What measures were taken to prevent favoritism in the testing process? “ Name covering” was used so that names of the test takers could not be seen by the graders. Later, tests were copied so the taker’s identify could not be determined from the handwriting. This feature can be found on pages 250–251 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

249. The Way It Was 4 Writing about History How was the use of the civil service examination a departure from the traditional way of placing young men in government service? Traditionally, sons of favored aristocrats would have been given government jobs. With civil service examinations, positions went to those who merited them. This feature can be found on pages 250–251 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

250. STS 1 The Invention of Printing in China Woodblock printing on paper began in the seventh century A.D. The first printed text in China (and in the world) was a Buddhist prayer, done sometime between 704 and 751. The first complete book was a Buddhist work printed in 868. Read the excerpt on page 249 of your textbook and answer the question on the following slide. This feature can be found on page 249 of your textbook.

251. STS 2 Drawing Inferences What did the invention of movable type mean to China and the rest of the world? It meant that books could be mass produced rather than copied by hand, which made them more accessible, which in turn led to a rise in literacy. This feature can be found on page 249 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.