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Bio-based products - Opportunities and Challenges
- 1. NNFCC Bio-Based Products Opportunities and Challenges Dr Adrian Higson February 2012 The UK’s National Centre for Biorenewable Energy, Fuels and Materials
- 2. NNFCC Background The production of renewable economy biological resources and the conversion of these resources and waste streams into value added products such as food, feed, bio-based products and bio- bioenergy economy Products that are wholly or partly derived from materials of bio-based biological origin excluding products materials embedded in geological formations and/or fossilised The UK’s National Centre for Biorenewable Energy, Fuels and Materials
- 3. NNFCC Market Dynamics Brand owner focus Climate change Politically Consumer Environment Mandates/Support Driven Pull Functionality Raw Volatility Hedging Technology Industrial Biotech Material Future proofing Push New chemistry Flexibility The UK’s National Centre for Biorenewable Energy, Fuels and Materials
- 4. NNFCC Comparative Feedstock Pricing Comparison of Commodity Indices (2005 = 100) 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Crude Oil (Petroleum) Index (monthly) Commodity Agricultural Raw Materials index (monthly) Commodity Food Price Index (monthly) The UK’s National Centre for Biorenewable Energy, Fuels and Materials Source: IMF
- 5. NNFCC The value of biomass Increasing value Decreasing volume The UK’s National Centre for Biorenewable Energy, Fuels and Materials
- 6. NNFCC Biomass – A love hate relationship! • Available on demand Strengths • Carbon source • Cost Weaknesses • Physical nature • Energy generation (heat and power) Opportunities • Liquid transport fuels • Chemicals and materials • Competition for land Threats • Environmental pressure The UK’s National Centre for Biorenewable Energy, Fuels and Materials
- 7. NNFCC Developing the bio-based economy – The issues • Varying levels of • Large financing • Food security • Public support requirements • Land rights perception of • Policy for capital GM inconsistency projects technologies Political Economics Social Technology • Climate change • Biodiversity agreements • Land use • Energy change obligations Legal Environment The UK’s National Centre for Biorenewable Energy, Fuels and Materials
- 8. NNFCC Market building - European Lead Market Initiative • Standards, labels and certification • Legislation promoting market development • Product specific legislation • Legislation related to biomass • Encourage Green Public Procurement • Financing and funding of research The UK’s National Centre for Biorenewable Energy, Fuels and Materials
- 9. NNFCC Bio Chemicals and Bio-Based Polymers (all areas of economy) Chemical Derivatives Naval Stores Market size Natural Products Oleochemicals ~ 50 million tones Biopolymers Amino Acids Alcohols Aliphatic acids Other Fermentation Products 54% 7% 4% 17% 1% 7% 5% 1% 20% 1% The UK’s National Centre for Biorenewable Energy, Fuels and Materials
- 10. NNFCC Opportunity, complexity, and confusion The UK’s National Centre for Biorenewable Energy, Fuels and Materials Source IEA Task 42, NNFCC
- 11. NNFCC Today’s situation Hurdles • Lignocellulose deconstruction • Fermentation scope and yields • Downstream processing Game changers • Synthetic biology • Synthesis gas fermentation The UK’s National Centre for Biorenewable Energy, Fuels and Materials
- 12. NNFCC Bio chemical outlook • Consumer preference Strengths • Reduced carbon footprints & fossil energy use • Novel / Improved function • Low volume / High costs Weaknesses • Immature supply chain • Market confusion • Oil price volatility Opportunities • Capture C3 and C4 markets • Co-development with fuel industry • Feedstock supply Threats • Alternative feedstocks (coal, gas) • Environmental pressure The UK’s National Centre for Biorenewable Energy, Fuels and Materials
- 13. NNFCC Supply chain questions • What’s the value proposition in bioplastics? – Function vs renewable content • What does the environmental footprint look like? – greenhouse gas emissions, water impacts • How big is the potential market opportunity/impact? Time horizons – niche or mainstream 2020 – true rate of development 2030 2050 • What do the resource requirements look like? – Availability, price, impact on other markets • How will technology develop? – Synthetic biology, perennial crops etc The UK’s National Centre for Biorenewable Energy, Fuels and Materials
- 14. NNFCC Bio chemical platforms – Novel or drop in? • Drop in – known targets and downstream products Strengths • Novel – exploits attributes of biomass or biological processing • Drop in – number of unit operations required Weaknesses • Novel – requirement for product development • Drop in - rapid route to market through existing Opportunities infrastructure and know how • Novel – provides new or improved functionality • Drop in – production never achieves cost competitiveness Threats • Novel – immature supply chain and market awareness The UK’s National Centre for Biorenewable Energy, Fuels and Materials
- 15. NNFCC Expansion of drop-in bio-based chemicals Gr ee Ca Re nc Gl th ol ve yc ay Co Ta rd Go Ea M os Gl In lb i iw a( od et stm Companies working on bio chemicals ob Am ol Bi du Gl an Gr DS ab tT ye ot al st o an yr In ee ol Co Na M ec ba ar ec ria Bi Ge is/ di ic nB Ch An /R /G hn rp oe hn lB tu lB Ve Bi Bi aG M Re no Ex Bu No Ze Br Vi oq or em el en Bi M OP ol ne re io oA oc io ol io rd Du ich m nn Dr pl So lyc ny ac as ta lo oM og at ve lo yr Vi ch wo ue og te Pu en al rg X e m DO ica Ge or at AD TM P he eli te DS ov at ke m gic io re lva th ian zy ie do em ol ch ph ie t te Bi ies on be ra co rk ica CN er ch hs ax n ls n vo m nt W a ia ne s s m M M s o O s l y a c t s r t r i ) Methanol Formic Acid Ethanol Ethylene Ethylene Oxide Ethylene Glycol (MEG) Acetic Acid Ethyl acetate Epichlorohydrin Acetone isoPropanol Propylene Bio chemicals Propylene Glycol 1,3-Propanediol Lactic acid Acrylic Acid n-Butanol iso-Butanol iso-Butylene Butadiene Succinic acid 2,3-Butanediol 1,4-Butanediol Tetrahydrofuran Isoprene Adipic acid HMDA Benzene Toluene Paraxylene Terephthalic acid Styrene The UK’s National Centre for Biorenewable Energy, Fuels and Materials
- 16. NNFCC Bio chemical platforms 60% Ethanol Ethylene Polyethylenes 7% Styrene Polymers/Rubbers Monomer Ethanol production ~ 60 million tonnes 14% Ethylene production ~ 110 million tonnes Ethylene Polyester Oxide/Glycol 12% EDC PVC 7% Other Alpha Olefins PVA The UK’s National Centre for Biorenewable Energy, Fuels and Materials Source: Nexant ChemSystems
- 17. NNFCC Bio chemical platforms Polybutylene Succinic Acid 1,4-Butanediol Terephthalate Tetrahydrofuran Copolyester Ethers Deicers/Coolent Polytetramethylene Ether Glycol Solvent Thermoplastic Plasticisers Polyurethanes g-Butyrolactone Spandex Fibres Fuel Additives Fine & Speciality Chemicals N-Methyl -2- N-Vinyl-2- Pyrrolidone 2-Pyrrolidone Pyrrolidone Fine & Speciality Fine & Speciality Polyvinyl Chemicals Chemicals Pyrrolidone The UK’s National Centre for Biorenewable Energy, Fuels and Materials Source: Nexant ChemSystems
- 18. NNFCC Production regions Geographical regions offer different opportunities and pose different challenges e.g. • Feedstock sustainability and availability? • Access to skills and wider business support? • Access to downstream markets? The UK’s National Centre for Biorenewable Energy, Fuels and Materials
- 19. NNFCC Bio Polymer Scenarios - land requirements (2030) 50 % of available land 40 30 Chemical driven 20 Biofuel stalled 10 Biofuel driven 0 Bioeconomy Plastic demand – 428 million tonnes Land availability – 250-800 million ha (Source FAO) The UK’s National Centre for Biorenewable Energy, Fuels and Materials
- 20. NNFCC Maximising resource use raw material Material Cycle Energy Cycle The UK’s National Centre for Biorenewable Energy, Fuels and Materials
- 21. NNFCC The NNFCC provides high quality, industry leading consultancy for more information contact us Email - enquiries@nnfcc.co.uk Twitter - @NNFCC +44 (0) 1904 435182 • Future Market Analysis • Technology evaluation & associated • Feedstock Logistics Planning due diligence • Sustainability Strategy • Project feasibility assessment Development • Policy and regulatory support The UK’s National Centre for Biorenewable Energy, Fuels and Materials