A presentation useful to the 8th graders in the cbse stream.

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* Aurungzeb, last
Mughal emperor-
died in 1707.
* Subedars declared
independence
* Many regional
kingdoms
Aurungzeb

3. East India company
In 1600 AD
Got charter from Queen
Elizabeth- monopoly
over trade
No other company
Goods at cheaper rate
High profit
As a mercantile Trading
company (trading co.
for making profit)
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4. EE Company
traders
followed the
same sea
route of Vasco
De Gama to
reach India
from Europe.
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6. East India company begins trade in Bengal
• First English factory – set up on the banks of river
Hugli in 1651.
• Factory had warehouse –goods were stored for
export –
• Company persuaded merchants and trader to
settle near the factory.
• 2 years later, bribed Mughal officials, obtained
zamindari rights over 3 villages
• Company to trade duty free.
• Officials of the company carried on private trade
for which they refused to pay duty resulting in to
loss revenue for Bengal
• Protest of Murshid Quli Khan, Diwan
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8. Trade to Battles
• Murshid Quli Khan was followed by
Alivardi Khan and then Siraj-ud-daulah as
the Nawab of Bengal, all strong rulers.
• Refused concessions to company,
demanded large tributes for Co. right to
trade, denied right to mint coins and
stopped it from extending its fortifications.
• Trade of the company could flourish only if
the duties were removed.
• Conflicts led to the famous battle of
Plassey, 1757
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10. Battle of Plassey
• In 1756, Siraj-ud-daluah became
Nawab of Bengal.
• Company wanted a puppet ruler
• Siraj-ud-daluah marched with 30,000
soldiers to the English factory at
Kassim bazar, captured the company
officials, locked warehouse, disarmed
Englishman
• On hearing the news of the fall of
Calcutta, co. officials in Madras sent
forces under Robert Clive.
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12. In 1757 Robert Clive led the
company army against Siraj-ud-
daulah at Plassey
• Main reason for the defeat- Mir
Jafar never fought the battle
• Clive secured his support- to
make him Nawab
• Battle of Plassey became famous
because it was the first major
victory for Co. in India .
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15. * After the defeat at Plassey Siraj-ud-
daulah was assassinated and Mir Jafar
became the Nawab.
• Co. was unwilling to take responsibility,
prime objective was to expand trade.
• Later when Mir Qasim complained, he
was defeated in a battle fought at
Buxar (1764) driven out of Bengal,
• Nawab had to pay 500,000 every
month but the company wanted more
money, more territories and more
revenue
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16. Company officals become “Nabobs”
• After battle of Plassey actual Nawabs
were forced to give land and vast sum of
money as gifts to Co. officials.
• Clive in 1743 at the age of 18 joined
com. Service and in 1767 when he left his
Indian fortune was worth 401,102.
[As a governor of Bengal in 1764, he was
asked to remove corruption in Co. but he
was cross examined in1772,although he
was acquitted he committed suicide in
1774.]
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17. Co. officials who earned enough wealth
from India return to Britain and led
comfortable life.
• They went back London with
comfortable wealth and were nicknamed
as “nabobs”
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18. CO. RULE EXPANDS
• Co. used variety of political, economical
and diplomatic methods to expand its
influence.
• After the battle of Bauxar (1764) the
company appointed Residents in Indian
States
• Their job was to serve the interests of
the Co.
• Through residents, the Co began to
interfere in internal affairs of Indian states
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19. Co. forced the states into a subsidiary
alliance.
• According to it, Indian rulers were not
allowed to have their independent armed
force
• They were to be protected by the
company, but had to pay for the
subsidiary forces
• If Indian rulers failed to pay, their
territory was taken as penalty. eg:Nawab
of Awadh 1801 & Hyderabad [Governor
general Richard Wellesley]
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21. DOCTRINE OF LAPSE
Lord Dalhousie, GG 1848- 56
Any Indian king, without a male legal
heir, would lapse.
1848- Satara 1850- Sambalpur
1852 – Udaipur 1853- Nagpur
1854 – Jhansi 1855 – Awadh
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23. War with Marathas
• With their defeat in the third battle of
Panipat in 1761, the Marathas dream
of ruling from Delhi was shattered.
• They were divided into many states
under different chiefs such as Sindhia,
Holkar, Gaikwad, and Bhonsale.
• Chiefs were held together in a
Confederacy under a Peshwa, military
and Administrative head based at Pune.
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24. • Marathas were subdued in a series
of wars
• In the first war that ended in 1782
with the Treaty of Salbai, there was no
clear victory
• Second Anglo-Maratha war (1803-
05) fought on different fronts, resulting
in the British gaining Orissa and the
territories north of the Yamuna river
including Agra and Delhi.
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25. Finally the third Anglo-
Maratha war of 1817-
19,crushed Maratha power
• Peshwa was removed and
sent to Kanpur with the
pension.
• Co. had full control over
territories south of Vindhyas
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26. Carnatic wars
 Mysore –
 Anglo Carnatic wars
 Tippu sultan
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27. THE CLAIM TO PARAMOUNTCY
• From early 19 C the company
pursued an aggressive policy of
territorial expansion
• Under Lord Hastings, Governor
General (1813-1823) a new policy
of “Paramountcy” was initiated
• Greater than Indian states
• Annexation of any Indian kingdom
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28. When British tried to annex the small
state of Kitoor(karnataka )
RaniChannamma took to arms and led
an anti-British resistance movement •
She was arrested in1824 and died in
prison in1829 • Rayanna poor chowkidar
of Sangoli in Kitoor carried on the
resistance • With support he destroyed
many British camps and records • He
was caught and hanged by the british in
1830
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29. * During the period of Warren Hastings
Co. had 3 provinces: Bengal, Madras & Bombay.
* Under 3 Governors
* One Gov. General. Supreme Officer
* Many reforms:
• 1872 new Judicial system- with 2 courts in a district:
Civil [Diwani Adalat] & Criminal [ Foujdari].
• [ Moulavis , Pandits, Indian law] [ Quazi, Mufti]
• both were under district Collector, main officer.
• 1775 Hindu Law was compiled by 11 Pandits, based on
Dharmasastras, into English
• 1778 Muslim code was complied
• 1773 Supreme court at Calcutta.
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30. ARMY
Changes:
Recruited peasants- trained
professionally
Made Sepoy Army- soldiers with
musket, heavy gun..
Uniform military culture, European
style of training, drill, discipline..
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31. conclution
EEIC from traders to rulers
1857 Com. 63% of territories in
India.
Ruled 78% population
Virtually whole India was under
them.
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34. Pl/ mail your suggestions to :
abdul. shumz@ gmail.com
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