Fungi are useful in industries, as a food...nd also in genetics..

1. Presented by
Keshav.Narayan.Pai

2. Introduction
• Fungi are used in genetic research.
• In studying evolutionary relationship.
• studying the pathogens and creating resistant
varities of plants

3. Neurospora as an Model Organism
 Neurospora crassa has been used in the laboratories
since 1941.
 A Vast store of information has been acquired from
Neurospora crassa during 75 years of research.
 Around 1000 loci has been mapped on the
chromosomes.
 Gene sequencing is in progress.

4.  Theresultsof ExperimentonNeurospora,
beadleandtatum ledthemtoget
“Onegene–Oneenzymehypothesis”.
 Onegene–OneenzymeHypothesis says that
one gene encodes one enzyme, which was
later transformed as
“Onegene–OnepolypeptideHypothesis”.

5. Unique Characters of Neurospora crassa
 They are easy to culture, as the
nutritional requirement is simple.
 They form orange coloured
colonies and they reproduce fast.
 Growth of Neurospora is rapid
and generation time is less than 3
weeks.

7. • Transformation methods
i.e spheroplast method
was first proved in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
• Entire genome library on
yeast is available.
• In research like tetrad
dissection, spore analysis.

8.  Dictyostelium is also used as model organism.
 Interspecies comparison of thousands of
protein sequences made possible by a genome
sequence has allowed dictyostelians
evolutionary relationship to higher organism.
 Dictyostelium genes are comman with
animals than Yeast or other fungi.

10. • Gene sequencing of Agaricus bisporus is
done.
• By this the characters like its tolerance to
environment, resistant to pathogens,
breeding effeciency, characters could be
known.
Agaricus bisporus

11. • In china during 1990 a
disease attacked the
maize, which decreased
the yield upto 40%.
• The disease was leaf
spot of maize.
• The pathogen was a
fungi called
Curvularia lunata.

12.  Gene sequencing of the
pathogen was done.
 The characters are learnt
and then disease resistant
types are grown.
 The spreading of the
disease got decreased.

13. Reference
• www.ias.ac.in
• www.iisc.ernet.in
• “Fungal bioinformatics and genetic research”
by word press.