road

5. Basalt ,Granite,Marbal,Kota,Laterite,Kadappa,Dolerite,lime stone,Shahabad,etc.
USES OF STONE:Broken stone and stone chips are used in foundation,roofs
and floors of buliding and as rod metal and railway ballast.
Stone block are mainly used in walls , foundation and
ornamental facia work.
Quartzite is used for rubber masonry ,rod metalling and
also as aggregate for construction .
Lime stone slabs are used for flooring ,paving and roofing.
Slates are used as roofing and flooring material.
Marble is extremely suitable for ornament and superior
type of building work .eg.Taj - Mahal

6. Types of bricks
:- Bricks can be classified into two
type:
Type’s of bricks
:-Conventional Brick :- Standared Brick
(23×11.4×7.5cm)
(19×9×9cm)
New genration advanced bricks
Zik – Zak brick
Diamond
Cement brick’s etc.

7. Tiles :
Tile material or its products are divided into the following tree categories
:- 1) Clay products
2) Terra – cotta
3) Earthenware
Properties of tiles :
Tiles materials has the following propertise:-
1)Mechanical properties
 Tile material tends to fracture before any plastic deformation
take place which shows poor toughness in the material .
Tensile strength is less .
It deformation very slowly .
2)Electrical properties
Tiles material are semi – conductors and hence employed as a
gas sensors .
 At extremely low temperature ,some tiles exhibit high
temperature superconductivity.
 It also possesses positive thermal coefficient.

8. Cement
The word cement means a substance which
acts as a bonding agent for materials.
It is defined as finely ground mixture of
calcium aluminate and silicates of varying
composition which composition which
hydrates when mixed with water to form
rigid continuous structure with a good
compressive stength
It designates a fine grey powder that is used
for constructional purpose.
It is manufacturing by John Smeaton
in1756.

9. Classification (type’s) of cements
Cement , generally can be classified into the following classes
Natural cement
Pozzalonic cement
High alumina cement
Portland cement
*Ordinary portland cement
Cement
*Rapid hardening portland cement
*Extra-rapid hardening portland cement
*White portland cement
*Coloured portland cement
*Low heat portland cement
*Portland blast furnace cement
*Sulphate resisting portland cement
Super sulphate cemenet
Special sulphate cement

10. Glass claddings
Now a days ,the glass cladding work is preferably adopted
in building construction ,since it fulfils the various functional
requirement of building such as lighting ,heat retention etc. with
visual impact creation .
 It
is totally safe
It is aesthetical and recyclable
It is energy saver and time saver as per the
construction aspect is concerned.
There is no flows of plaster and paint
It has attractive colours

11. Advantages of glass cladding
 Use
of glass in construction work adds beauty to the building
 Its use fulfils the architectural view for the external decoration
and beauty
 Glass is bad conductor of heat, hence it saves energy in air
conditioning of building.
 Glass cladding use appear a sense of openness and harmonious.
Disadvantage of glass cladding
It is very costly and may increase the budgeted cost of
construction work.
Use of glass also enhanceds the cost of security .
Its use in hilly area and desert may cause more maintenance.
It is also unsafe for earthquake proven area