1. Mobile Learning

4. Development of Smartphones Made with Office Timeline 2010 www.officetimeline.com ' 92 Jan 1992 Aug 1994 Mar 1997 Oct 1999 May 2002 Dec 2004 Jul 2007 ' 10 Iphone 4 is developed and sold 2010 Android apps are developed and marketed 2009 Android platform smartphones are developed and sold 2008 Iphones are developed and sold by Apple 2007 Smartphone being marketed as multimedia PC 2005 First multimedia platform smartphone 2002 First Smart phone sold as a "smart Phone" 2000 First mass produced smartphone introduced. Called the Erricson 1997 Nokia launches first smartphone for business professionals. 1996 IBM Launches Simon - the first smartphone for $899.00 1992

5. Commercialization: Smartphone proliferation http://blog.nielsen.com/nielsenwire/consumer/smartphones-to-overtake-feature-phones-in-u-s-by-2011/

6. Commercialization: Smartphone owners by race http://www.onlinemarketing-trends.com/2011/03/us-smartphone-adoption-by-race-and.html

7. THE INNOVATION-DECISION PROCESS

8. Rogers Innovation Decision Process for Cell Phones Made with Office Timeline 2010 www.officetimeline.com ' 73 1973 1979 1985 1991 1997 2003 2009 ' 14 Today Text Messaging 6/14/93 Pre I-Phone 6/6/93 First Digital Phone Call 5/18/90 2G Technology 5/17/90 Call Handoff 4/16/84 Nokia Makes First Cell Phone 4/1/82 First Commercial for Cell Phones 4/5/79 First Handheld Conversation 3/1/73 Confirmation 8/30/13 12/30/13 Implementation 7/30/12 8/30/13 Decision 6/30/12 7/30/12 Persuasion 2/5/12 6/30/12 Knowledge 1/5/73 2/5/12

15. ADOPTER CATEGORIES AND THE S-CURVE

17. Adopters of Mobile Learning S-Curve

18. S-Curve of Cell Phone Penetration Data from: http://www.marketingcharts.com/interactive/mobile-phone-penetration-84-wireless-revenue-155b-by-years-end-1371/snl-kagan-cell-phone-penetration-usjpg/ % Pen. 14% 77.4% 88.3% 94.6% 98.5% 101.2%

19. PERCEIVED ATTRIBUTES OF INNOVATIONS

24. CRITICAL MASS AND CHANGE AGENTS

37. ORGANIZATIONAL INNOVATIONS