Water Presentations

1. www.ncpc.o.za
Name: Helen Davies
Topic: Response Strategies for Western Cape water crisis
Helen Davies has a M.Sc. and MBA and has worked in the fields of sustainability, climate change, operations
management and the green economy for the past 20 years, switching between the public and private sector (retail,
manufacturing, finance) and between working in South Africa and the UK. In her recent past, Helen was the Director
of Climate Change & Biodiversity (WCG: DEADP), the Head of Environmental Policy and Planning (CCT) and is
now the Chief Director of the Green Economy in the WCG’s Department of Economic Development & Tourism.
Case Study
Industrial Water Efficiency

2. RESPONSE STRATEGIES FOR THE
WESTERN CAPE WATER CRISIS
Helen Davies
Department of Economic Development & Tourism
NCPC Industrial Efficiency Conference
14 September 2017

3. © Western Cape Government 2012 |
Update on rainfall figures
Source: http://www.csag.uct.ac.za/current-seasons-rainfall-in-ca
•Winter
officially
over –
received
50% less
rainfall than
expected
•Trend of
rainfall
since 1993
– down –
now way
worse than
experience
d before

4. © Western Cape Government 2012 |
WC water crisis: the latest facts (14 August 2017)
Dam
% Full This
Week
% Full Last
Year
Cape Town System Dams
(Combined): Wemmershoek,
Voelvlei, Steenbras,
Theewaterskloof and Berg River
Dams 36.80 60.25
Berg River Catchment 47.91 70.86
Breede River Catchment 34.25 56.88
Gouritz River Catchment 17.07 47.53
Olifants / Doorn River Catchment 39.72 99.95
Western Cape State of Dams 35.20 61.60
• No projections for significant rainfall in spring
• Projections for above normal temperatures – impacts on evaporation
factor (SAWS 8 September)
• Going into summer with CRITICALLY LOW dam levels
• SAWS have recommended current drought measures continue for
foreseeable future
• Even if we make it through summer, we will require significant rainfall
in winter 2018 to be able to see winter 2018 through
• This is a new normal – businesses need to adapt now for a resilient

5. © Western Cape Government 2012 |
WC dam levels: big six (28 August 2017)
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
102.9% 103.5% 72.4% 60.1% 34.2%
Source: GreenCape

6. © Western Cape Government 2012 |
Longer Term Climate Outlook
Western Cape Climate Change Response Strategy and Action Plan
Climate change – shift in weather patterns; more frequent
severe weather events; increased wind speeds
Increases in temperature in many regions and resulting changes
in precipitation patterns
Estimated that by 2050, rainfall in the Western Cape is likely to
have decreased by 30%
More flooding events → less infiltration and recharge of ground
water
Quality of the water resource, as impacted on by human
activities, becomes even more important
More fires and droughts → poorer quality due to erosion
6

7. © Western Cape Government 2012 | 7
Source: Adapted from WEF (2017). The Global Risk Report,
12th edition https://www.thegef.org/topics/globalcommons.
Context - WEF 2017 Global
Risk Report

8. © Western Cape Government 2012 |
Water is regarded as a significant Provincial risk
Need 3 to 4 years of good
rainfall to return to a
‘normal situation’ – but
unlikely therefore long term
challenge
RESTRICTIONS ARE HERE
TO STAY
Source: Provincial Risk

9. © Western Cape Government 2012 |
Expectations for Future Irrigated Agricultural Requirements (
3%
52%
36%
-17%
49%
17%
13%
32%
9%
55%
40%
-18%
52%
22%
17%
35%
-20%
-10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
% change in irrigation water requirements by municipality in Berg WMA
2025 % Change
2040 % change
Source: Water Decision Making Tool Project (GreenCape co-funde

10. © Western Cape Government 2012 |
Expectations for Urban (Non-agri) Water Requirements (Berg
30%
43%
53%
69%
49% 52%
20%
45%
84%
111%
125%
238%
135%
169%
80%
117%
0%
50%
100%
150%
200%
250%
Bergrivier Cape Town Drakenstein Saldanha
Bay
Stellenbosch Swartland Witzenberg Total
% increase in urban water requirements by municipality in the
Berg WMA
2025 % increase in water requirements 2040 % increase in water requirements
Historical population increase (2001 – 2011) assumed to continue and current per capita
consumption to remain the same (Source: DWS 2015, All Towns Reconciliation Strategies)
Source: Water Decision Making Tool Project (GreenCape co-funde

11. © Western Cape Government 2012 |
65%6%
9%
20%
But breakdown per municipality (GVA %) within Berg River W
highlights areas of high risk
46%
22%
19%
12%
73%1%
7%
20%
Drakenstein
63%
3%
17%
18%
Saldanha Bay
68%5%
9%
19%
Stellenbosch
50
%
14
%
21
%
16
%
SwartlandBerg River
CCT
55
%16
%
10
%
19
%
Wizenberg
Source: Quantec 2015: Water Decision Making Tool Project (GreenCape co-
Low intensity water use Med intensity water use High intensity water use Agriculture

12. © Western Cape Government 2012 |
Economic impacts of water crisis
Note most /
no
municipaliti
es
increasing
business
water tariffs
yet
Uncertain /
low water
supply /
variable
water
quality
Own
operati
ons
Supply
chain
Increased
costs of
materials
and
products
High
cost of
water
Own
operati
ons
Supply
chain
Reductio
n in
productiv
ity
Inconsist
ency in
supplyin
g
products
to market
Reductio
n /
inconsist
ency in
quality
Food
security
Reduced
cash flow for
economy
Business
closure
Job losses
Loss of
confidence
in investing
in WC
Reputationa
l damage –
as a
supplier &
destination
Profit losses
Unaffordabl
e goods &
services
Decreased
competitive
ness
Importing
products
previously
sourced
locally
30 % of
Provincial
GVA highly
/
moderately
water
intensive
(i.e. high
exposure
to risk

13. © Western Cape Government 2012 |
Key messages
• The current drought can only be broken with 3-4
years of good rain
• The effects of the current drought are long term.
• We are too dependent on rainfall and surface
water sources – need to diversify
• Businesses need to adapt to a ‘new normal’
• Focus on CCT & water supply augmentation at
moment, but seeing much more severe problem
in other municipalities e.g. Eden

14. © Western Cape Government 2012 |
Responses to the water crisis – Government & Businesses
June
‘18
Dec
‘17
Sep
‘17
May
‘17
Jul ‘17Jan
‘17
Mar
‘17
Jan
‘16
Aug
‘17
Government
Business

15. © Western Cape Government 2012 |
Responses to the water crisis – Government & Businesses
June
‘18
City TMG,
Atlantis
desal, Re-
use, CF
Aquifer
City
Busin
ess
Forum
Dec
‘17
Sep
‘17
Provinci
al
drought
declare
d
May
‘17
Jul ‘17
City new
tariffs
approved
City Council
approved –
new water
resilience
approach to
drought
Jan
‘17
Mar
‘17
Jan
‘16
Aug
‘17
WCG:
• Determined high risk
areas
• Determined total water
availability for each
area in WC (sfc &
groundwater)
• Implemented urgent
measures
• Monthly monitoring
water levels
WCG
Gazetted
directions re
standardisat
ion of water
restrictions
WCG:
• Appointment of Groundwater Specialists supporting
municipalities
• Infrastructure – schools & hospitals & own facilities
• Emergency interventions planned & underway for
critical municipalities
WCG:
• West Coast &
Central Karoo
Districts:
agricultural
drought
• Witzenberg,
Oudtschoorn,
Price Albert:
hydrological
drought
City
Level
4b:
500M
LD
City
Level
4:
600M
LD
City
Level
3:
700M
LD
City
Level
2
City DFI:
desal,
WW
reuse &
groundwa
ter
City
Water
Rating
Tool
GreenCap
e water
sector
desk
SmartAgri
, Agri
sector
desk &
Fruitlook
City
Level
5:
500M
LD
Note:
requirement for
commercial
sector to reduce
consumption by
20% off a year
ago

16. © Western Cape Government 2012 |
City of Cape Town Emergency Augmentation Progra
Technologies Total Ml/day per
technology
Location / s
Immediate & 1st Tranche
Groundwater Extraction 100 Atlantis& Silverstroom
Cape Flats
Cape Peninsula
HottentotsHolland
Desalination – land based
containers
50 Koeberg, Silverstroom,
Woodbridge Island, Granger
Bay, Hout Bay, Red Hill,
Strandfontein, Monwabisi,
Harmony Park
Desalination - barge 50 Cape Town Harbour
2nd tranche
Water reuse 50 Zandvliet WWTW, Belville
WWTW, Fisantekraal WWTW,
Potsdam WWTW, Cape Flats
WWTW, Macassar WWTW
Desalination – land based
permanent
50 Cape Town Harbour
Extreme tranche
Desalination – marine based 200 Cape Town Harbour
GordonsBay
TOTAL 500

17. © Western Cape Government 2012 |
Responses to the water crisis – Government & Businesses
June
‘18
Dec
‘17
Sep
‘17
May
‘17
Jul ‘17Jan
‘17
Mar
‘17
Jan
‘16
Aug
‘17
Manufacturing
• GSK – 42% reduction in water consumption 2010 - 2016
• SAB reduced its water use to 2.89 litres per litre of beer by 2020 within
manufacturing process. Precision Irrigation Programme - pilot in NC
barley irrigation - 48% (19.2-mill hectoliter) water saving yr 1 – being
expanded 10x. Intensive alien vegetation clearing programme in 2
areas reducing water loss of between 13% - 20% pa in neighbouring
dams
• Coca-Cola Beverages SA - 726 million litres of water savings. 2010:
2.13 litres water / litre soft drink – 2016: 1.7 litres/ litre soft drink
• Nestle’s Mossel Bay factory in South Africa cut its water usage by 54%
in 2010. New equipment R1.2 million – rest through awareness
campaign, measurement of water usage, action plan & continuous
improvement and advertising of results

18. © Western Cape Government 2012 |
Responses to the water crisis – Government & Businesses
June
‘18
Dec
‘17
Sep
‘17
May
‘17
Jul ‘17Jan
‘17
Mar
‘17
Jan
‘16
Aug
‘17
Retail – Woolworths (other e.g.s: Walmart, Marks & Spenser's)
• Integrated water as strategic risk in 2010 & built into performance scorecards
• Reduced own water use by 60% - stores, offices, distribution centres
• Start – measurement – real time
• Identified huge water losses through leaks – leaks under one CT store:
resulted in the loss of 2.5 mill litres of water /month = Olympic size swimming
pool of municipal water lost a month
• Water saving aircons, kitchens & restrooms
• Rainwater collection & ground water use
• Recycling water
• Working closely with farming & textile supply chains to reduce water use.
Saving 35% water on farms.

19. © Western Cape Government 2012 |
Responses to the water crisis – Government & Businesses: a
June
‘18
Dec
‘17
Sep
‘17
May
‘17
Jul ‘17Jan
‘17
Mar
‘17
Jan
‘16
Aug
‘17
Mar
‘18
Government
BusinessCity:
daily
producti
on
(CDP):
approx.
960Ml
CDP:
approx.
630Ml
Day
Zer
o?
CDP:
approx.
600Ml
Day
Zer
o?
Day
Zer
o?
Day Zero
variables:
• Rainfall
• Water usage
• New
augmentatio
nKey message: we need both
government interventions & business
& household actions (demand &
supply) to achieve water resilience

20. © Western Cape Government 2012 |
We need all to play a role & to promote innovation

21. © Western Cape Government 2012 |
Economic response needs to be twofold
Maximise
economic
opportunities
– new /
expanded
technologies
& services
Reduce
economic
risk of water
shortages
and
increased
costs

22. © Western Cape Government 2012 |
Need to also build the supply side – the water sector
Stimulate
supply of
technologie
s &
services
Stimulate
demand for
technologi
es &
services
Financing incentives &
support for water sector
Testing, demos &
accreditation
Communication of
costs & benefits of
efficiency, supply &
reuse options for
households &
municipalities
Financial incentives /
access to finance for
users (residents &
businesses)
Awareness raising for
users
Use of legislation e.g.
by-laws, building
standards
Maximise
economic
opportunitie
s – new /
expanded
technologies
& services

23. © Western Cape Government 2012 |
What can businesses do to reduce economic risks?
| 23
Understand
water uses
and risks
Water
efficiency
interventions
Onsite re-
use
Alternative
water supply
• Water audits
• Meter and
Monitor
• Water quality
requirements
(fit-for-
purpose)
• Set targets
• Identify risks
• Efficient
processes and
behavior
• Efficient fittings
& technologies
• Water-wise
landscaping
• Greywater
re-use
• Process
water re-use
• Water
exchange
network
• Treated
effluent
• Groundwate
r
• Rainwater/
Stormwater
• Desalination
Increasing cost and complexity
Source: GreenCape
Need to assess:
• Ease of implementation and cost
• Water saving / water augmentation potential
• Fit for purpose solutions
• Own operations vs supply chains

24. © Western Cape Government 2012 |
Which sectors will we be focusing on?
Highly & moderately intensive
users:
• Agriculture & agri-
processing
• Construction
• Manufacturing
Tourism
Adds stress to municipal water
systems in peaks (which affects
municipal peak demand without
commensurate revenues) &
potentially significant reputational
risk of water shortages
Play a role in supporting
change:
• Retail
• Insurance
• Tourism
• Property development
• Tourists use 3-8 times
more water that
residents in developing
countries*
• 16 745 000 international
tourist & 14 742 000
domestic tourist bed
nights in WC =
27 393 Ml/ yr (@87
litres/p/d) = 75Ml / day
(conservative)
• 82 181Ml/yr (3x 87
litres/p/d) = 225Ml/day
(3x)
*Source: Becken, S (2014) “Water Resources and Industry”, Water
Resources and Industry, Vo.l 7-8, pp. 9 – 22.
• Collaborative
programmes
needed
between
businesses
relying on
similar
supply
chains
• Sharing of
experience

25. © Western Cape Government 2012 |
Business support offered: Water Research Commission & Ci
Water Research Commission support
• Database of technologies – includes contact details & extent to which
technologies have been tested & rolled out. Regular updates.
• Dr Manjusha Sunil manjushas@wrc.org.za; Tel: 012 761 9300
City of Cape Town
• Energy, Water and Waste Business Forum with supplier exhibition
coming soon (October 2017). To be invited - email:
business.events@capetown.gov.za
• Star rating tool for good water management practices (business
operations) – currently being updated
• Rebate on large consumers investment in significant improvement
on quality or zero generation of effluent. Up to 30% of capital cost.
For more info, email: waterpollution.control@capetown.gov.za
• New technology evaluation process ongoing, and innovation platform
being developed.
Awareness materials (employees & guests) – available on
http://cct.gov.za/QpD2V

26. © Western Cape Government 2012 |
City of Cape Town business support offered cont.
• Guideline for installation of alternative water systems (households &
businesses) being developed.
• Making treated effluent available to large business users for
operational use (cheaper than potable water). See:
www.capetown.gov.za/treated-effluent and/or contact
treated.effluent@capetown.gov.za
• Water Fund – City working with international party to establish
viability of external funding mechanism to rehabilitate catchments.
• City’s recently issued green bonds – R1 bill raised, oversubscribed
4.3 x, rated ‘excellent’ by Moodys – many water demand & supply
projects
• City RFI for desalination, wastewater reuse & groundwater to be
treated to potable standards: received more than 100 responses.
Announcements on final procurement expected before end of August.
Interventions will be staged for implementation thereafter.
• Funding GreenCape’s work on Industrial Water Re-use and Design &
Innovation
• Water saving exhibition at various malls – for schedule see
www.capetown.gov.za/thinkwater

27. © Western Cape Government 2012 |
GreenCape support to businesses
• Funded by various partners, including WCG & CCT
• Provides free business support in the green economy
• Business support in scoping for water solutions:
oIndependent advice on possible solutions for increasing water efficiencies,
reusing or recycling water and supply options
oContacts for consultants and technology suppliers that could assist further
o(In development) case studies and business case calculations for industrial
water users and wineries
oEmail: water@green-cape.co.za to set-up a call or meeting
oMarket Intelligence Report on the water sector, for free download at
www.green-cape.co.za/market-intelligence
oWater-focused networking and information sharing events. Sign-up to be a
member and receive invites: http://www.green-cape.co.za/become-a-
member/
oVisit GreenCape’s website:
http://www.greencape.co.za/content/focusarea/business-support
oAgricultural businesses refer to GreenAgri for tools and water-related
research: http://www.greenagri.org.za/
| 27

28. Tel: Fax:
www.westerncape.gov.za
Contact Us
Helen Davies
Chief Director: Green Economy
Department of Economic Development &
Tourism
+27 (21) 483 7845
Email: Helen.davies@westerncape.gov.za
Thank
You