This document provides information about electronic waste (e-waste) management. It defines e-waste and lists some of its main components. It discusses the risks e-waste poses to human health and the environment if not disposed of properly. It outlines some ways to dispose of e-waste, like sending it to authorized recycling facilities or donating still working equipment. It describes the advantages of e-waste recycling like asset recovery and environmental benefits. It then details the steps involved in e-waste recycling and compares informal e-waste recycling practices in India to formal practices in countries like Switzerland.

1. Electronic Waste
Management
Presentation by- Sonal Singh

2. Electronic Waste (E-Waste)
E-waste
• E-wastes are considered dangerous, as certain components of some
electronic products contain materials that are hazardous and toxic
depending on their condition and density.
• The hazardous content of these materials pose a threat to human health
and environment.
• E-Waste includes almost any household or business item containing
circuitry or electrical components such as TV appliances, computers,
laptops, mobile phones, fridges, washing machines, dryers.
• The US-EPA has estimated a 5% to 10% global increase in the generation of
e-waste each year.

3. Constituents and Effects of E-Waste

4. Ways to Dispose E-waste
E-waste
Send waste goods to
authorised recycling facility
for proper disposal
If PC or other electrical
equipment are out of
order, then return it to
the manufacturers
Donate older working
equipment to schools, colleges
or government entities in need

5. Advantages of Recycling E waste
E-waste
Asset Recovery
Reduction of Junks and Clutters
Resale and Reuse
Clean Environment

6. Steps of E-waste Recycling
E-waste

7. E- Waste Recycling
• E-waste recycling is presently concentrated in the informal (unorganized) sector.
• No organized collection system prevails.
• Operations are mostly illegal.
• Processes are highly polluting.
• E-Waste Recycling operations mainly engage in –
Export of processed waste for precious metal recovery.
Sale of dismantled parts.
Valuable resource recovery.
Dismantling of the products.
E-waste

8. Drawbacks of Informal E-Waste Recycling
• High-risk backyard operations.
• Non-efficient and Non-environmentally sound technologies used.
• Environmental hazards.
• Loss of resources due to inefficient processes of recycling.
• Impacts vulnerable social groups such as women, children and migrant
labourers.
E-waste

9. Need for E-Waste Management
• Solid Waste Management: Because the explosion of growth in the electronics
industry, combined with short product life cycle has led to a rapid escalation in
the generation of solid waste.
• Toxic Materials: Old electronic devices contain toxic substances such as lead,
mercury, cadmium and chromium. Proper processing is essential to ensure
that these materials are not released into the environment.
• Rich Source of Raw Materials: Only 10-15 percent of the gold in e-waste is
successfully recovered while the rest is lost. Electronic waste contains deposits
of precious metal richer than ores mined from the earth.
• International Movement of Hazardous Waste: The uncontrolled movement of
e-waste to countries where cheap labour and primitive approaches to
recycling have resulted in health risks to local residents exposed to the release
of toxins.
E-waste

10. E-Waste Management Initiatives in India
• E-Parisaraa
1. Supported by the Indo-German e-waste initiative.
2. Manage e-waste without causing ecological damage.
3. Backing of the Karnataka State Pollution Control Board.
4. Most software firms in Bangalore city have agreements with E-Parisaraa to
collect their e-waste.
5. E-Parisaraa pays these firms for the e-waste and brings it to their
processing facility at Dobbespet in the outskirts of the city.
6. Unlike the backyard handling of e-waste, there is no melting involved in
the sorting. The waste enters the disassembly-line process where it is
dismantled and sorted in plastics, rubber and metal sheets. The leftover
printed circuit boards and glass go to the next stage where they are then
cut into strips and powdered.
E-waste

11. • Government initiative in Maharashtra
1. The Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR) will soon be relieved of the ever
growing problem of e-waste.
2. The state government will start the first of its kind plant for scientific recycling
of e-waste generated in the region.
• E-bins
1. Initiative by the Karnataka Government.
2. In Bangalore, installation of e-bins to ensure safe disposal of e-waste generated
at government offices is set to become a reality shortly.
• Buy Back offer by Xiaomi
1. Take old electronic consumer items from the customers by going to their
houses.
2. Giving vouchers to the customers worth Rs 200 for every old electronic
consumer item given to the company.
3. Vouchers could be redeemed to purchase products of Xiaomi.
E-waste

12. E-Waste Management Initiatives around the World
• “Plug-in to eCycling”
1. Partnership of Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and consumer
electronics manufacturers, retailers, and service providers.
2. ECycling includes recycling and recovers valuable materials from old
electronics which can be used to make new products.
3. Offers more opportunities to donate or recycle - to "eCycle" used
electronics.
• Nigerian initiative
1. To avoid being turned into a dumping ground for e-waste, the Nigerian
government has decided to slap duties on old computers imported for
spare parts.
E-waste

13. • California's Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC)
1. Requires that used electronics be handled in an environmentally responsible
manner.
2. This means that old cellular phones , pagers , telephones and the like cannot be
placed in the normal trash.
3. DTSC placed a number of drop-off locations around campus where electronic
waste can be discarded.
4. DTSC would collect these items and ensure that they are not sent to landfill for
disposal.
5. Majority of these devices would be dismantled and recycled for other uses.
E-waste

14. Conclusion
• As far as e-waste is concerned, it has emerged as one of the fastest growing
waste streams world wide today.
• Electronics equipment is one of the largest known sources of havey metals
without effective collection, reuse, and recycling systems, they will be
dangerous to environment.
• Product design by using safe and environment friendly raw materials and
most emerging technologies.
• Reuse and recycling of electronic equipment is a beneficial alternative than
disposal.
• Awareness of e-waste
E-waste

15. CASE STUDY
A comparison of electronic waste
recycling in Switzerland and India
• Switzerland is having decade of experience in managing e waste, on the
other hand India is now experiencing the problems that e-waste posses.
• E waste management is a complex tast as well as a lucrative business in both
developed and developing countries.
• Switzerland is the first country to implement an industry wide organized
system while India was chosen as the second country fro study.
E-waste

16. E-waste management in Switzerland
• Swiss system is based on EPR - both legally and operationally.
• Entire operative responsibility is with the two PROs-SWICO and S.E.N.S- who
manages and operate the system.
• One of the pillar is secured financing of the collection and recycling by ARF.
• Another key feature its comprehensive scope and nation wide acceptance.
• SWIKO and S.E.N.S had 500 official collection points(in 2003) which have to take
back old equipment free of charge irrespective of manufacturing year of brand.
E-waste

17. E-waste management in India
• Entire industry is based on network among collectors, trades , recyclers each
adding value.
• Attractive for the small entrepreneurs to join the industry because of low level of
initial investment
• Main incentive is financial profit
• Employment opportunities is flourishing
• Biggest drawback is the uncontrolled emission of hazardous toxics going into the
air, water and soil
• Leads to health hazards
E-waste

18. Comparisons of the two system
Based on observations comparison is done on four criteria-
• E-waste per capita
• Employment potential
• Occupational hazards
• Emission of toxics
E-waste

19. Conclusion
• In India, domestic generation and imports are two main sources of e-
waste
• Reuse and recycling of e-waste is a beneficial alternative than disposal
• Measures for improvement in product design by using safe raw
materials have been suggested
E-waste

20. E-waste
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