Heavy metals like cadmium, mercury, arsenic, chromium, and lead are present in soil and water due to industrial activities such as mining and waste disposal. They accumulate in the environment and can be toxic even in small amounts. Heavy metals are found at higher levels in industrial and urban areas compared to rural areas. Long term exposure to heavy metals can lead to health issues like cancer, organ damage, and neurological or developmental problems for humans and other organisms. Maintaining heavy metal levels in soil and water below regulatory limits is important for environmental and human health.

1. .

2.  Heavy metal
 Heavy metal in Water
 Heavy metal in soil
 Advantages and Disadvantages of Heavy
metal

3.  Heavy metals have a specific density of more
than 5 g/cm3 and not degraded.
 Become more dangerous due to
bioaccumulation.

4.  Heavy metal like cadmium discovered in
1817 by the German Chemist Friedrich
Stromeyer.
After The industrial revolution in the
late1970s, heavy metals pollution considered
a threat to environment.
 This include mangroves ecosystem in the
region of pearl river Estuary.(where heavy
metals found)

9.  It means that how much heavy metal that is
found in the water.
 What are the consequences of that heavy
metal that is present in the water.

10.  Mercury (Mg)
 Cadmium (Cd)
 Arsenic (AS)
 Chromium (Cr)
 Lead (Pb)

11. Source: Google Image

12. Depend upon natural geology, hydrogeology
and geochemical characteristics of aquifers.
Weathering of sedimentary rocks like
limestone , dolomite & sandstone.

13. Interaction of water with igneous rocks
like granite & basalt also contribute some
major elements.
Chromite, kaolinite and other minerals.

14. Concentration of Mn, Zinc increase rapidly
due to agricultural activities, tillage & logging.
Domestic waste discharge, atmospheric solid
waste deposition from incineration , cola &
oil combustion and mining activities.

15. Batteries, fluorescent lamp, thermometer,
electronics manufacturing industries
responsible to pollute water with Hg.
Chemical industries are the biggest
source of lead releasing in the world

17. 5.7g.cm3

18.  Formed during the manufacturing of chemical and
glasses , paints , fungicides .
 Arsine gas is common byproduct during the
production of pesticides contain arsenic.
 Target organs are central nervous , digestive & skin
system. Blood & kidney. larva & egg , short live span.

19. Image source: NCBI

20. 8.64g.cm3

21.  Found in cigarette , tobacco , coffee , gasoline , metal
pipe , fertilizers , plastics & pharmaceutical.
 User in nickel-cadmium batteries & paints pigments.
 Cancer , headache , kidney damage , mental problem.
Fish reproductive system , Gills effected.
 Target organ is lungs , liver , kidney , brain , bones.

22. Source:GARD

23. 13.55g.cm3

24. Mercury is also found in fish, seafood (especially
tuna) cosmetics, pesticides, paint, plastics,
fungicides, fabric, hair dyes, batteries softeners,
adhesives.
Blindness and deafness brain damage
Digestive problems

25.  Kidney damage
 Lack of coordination
 Mental retardation
 Target organs are the brain and kidneys.

26. Source: NIH

27. .

28. Lead is found in dyes, gasoline, lead based paint,
old plumbing, insecticides, tobacco smoke, textiles
, automobile exhaust, canned fruit juices, car
batteries.
Behavioral problems
High blood pressure, anemia
Kidney damage

29.  Memory and learning difficulties
 Miscarriage, decreased sperm production
 Reduced IQ
 Target organs are the bones, brain, blood,
kidneys, and thyroid gland

30. Source:

31. Source :UNEP

32. .

33.  Heavy metals in soils due to anthropogenic
activities like
• Industry mining
• Agriculture.
• vehicular discharge etc.
 These results in the excretion of heavy metals
 in the air and deposition into soils.

34.  Heavy metals naturally occur into the soil by volcano’s
& pedogenetic processes of weathering .
 Due to disturbance in geochemical cycle of metals by
man , most soil of rural &urban area may accumulate
one or more heavy metals above the ground.
 Causing risk for human , plants , ecosystem & other
media.

35.  Soil at industrial sites contain different
types of heavy metals depend upon raw
material & product.
 Urban area soil contaminated with lead(Pb)
zinc(Zn) cadmium(Cd) & copper(Cu) from
traffic, paint and many other urban sources.

36.  Aerosol particle from fossil fuel combustion.
 Manufacturing industries.
 Agricultural practices i.e. use of fertilizers

38.  Concentration of various heavy metals in soil is:-
 Lead
 chromium
 Arsenic
 zinc
 cadmium
 mercury

39. .

40.  Concentration of lead in soil recorded to be
ranged between 0.061 to 0.461kg by WHO.
 Enter the body through uptake food, water, air.
 It accumulate with age in bones , kidney , liver etc.
 Loss of memory , nausea , insomnia , anorexia &
weakness of joints.

41. .

42.  Permissible limit for plants is 1.30mgkg
(recommended by WHO).
 Soluble and un-adsorbed chromium complexes
can leach from soil into groundwater.
 The leach ability of Cr increases as soil pH
increases.

43. .

44. It mainly extract from processing of ores
containing mostly Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag and Au.
It is also present in ashes from coal combustion.

45. It adsorb strongly to soils and therefore
transported in groundwater and surface
water.
It cause skin damage, increased risk of
cancer and problems with circulatory
system.

46. Source: PMC

47. ,

48. Zinc is important trace element play vital
role in physiological & metabolic
process of organisms but high amount is
toxic for Organisms.
Concentration in soil is ranged between
o.o33 to 0.349 mgkg.
Role in protein synthesis.

49. Industrial activities, such as mining, coal,
and waste combustion and steel processing.
Zn can interrupt the activity in soils, as it
negatively influences the activity of
microorganisms and earthworms, resulting
in the breakdown of organic matter.

50. .

51.  In all the collected soil samples concentration
of cadmium was recorded above the maximum
permissible limit set by WHO.
 Fertilizers, pesticides, and bio-solids (sewage
sludge), the disposal of industrial wastes or the
deposition of atmospheric contaminants
increases the total concentration of Cd in soil

52. Cadmium in the body is known to affect
several enzymes
The major threat to human health is
leading to kidney dysfunction.
Food intake and tobacco smoking are the
main routes by which Cd enters the
body.

54. ./

55. Coal combustion is the main source of Hg.
Sorption to soil & humic material is an
important mechanism to remove Hg.
Associated with kidney damage.

56. Source :UNEP

57. .

58.  Important for the bones and teeth.
 Require in very amount and important for
digestion.
 Use in industries and use to make many
things like fertilizers.
 Help in the making of the protein.

59. .

60.  Alteration of the functional activities of
chloroplast present in leaves.
 Metal interaction with cytosolic enzymes
and organics.
 Cu, have a deleterious effect on the
formation of photosynthetic pigments.

61.  Effect on the photosynthesis as plants are
grown in metal enriched
soils.
 Accumulation of metals in leaves and roots.
 Alteration of the functional activities of
chloroplast present in leaves.

62. Source: UNEP

63.  Long-term exposure can lead to gradually
progressing physical, muscular, and
neurological degenerative processes.
 Causes diseases such as multiple sclerosis,
Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease and
muscular dystrophy.

65.  It can cause kidney problems, liver problems
and also effects the many organs .

67. For your attention