50. Organizational
value from
Four Waves of
technology
Ubiquitous wave
Organizational Network wave
Computing Micro wave
This is where we are now!
Data processing wave
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
137. a layered architecture
of digitalized product
Contents
Layer
Service
Layer
Network
Layer
Logical
transmission
Physical
transport
Device
Layer
Logical
device
OS
Physical
machinery