1. Infectious and
Non-Infectious
Diseases
By Lauren Goodwin

2. Malaria
Infectious Disease

3. Cause and Transmission
 Malaria
is caused a parasite Plasmodium,
found in certain types of mosquito
 Transmitted by bites of certain types of
mosquitoes
 The parasites multiply in the liver and
infect red blood cells

4. Symptoms
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Symptoms include:
Fever
Headache
Vomiting
Muscle pain
Diarrhoea
Tiredness
Coughing
Symptoms appear 10-15 days after bite
If not treated, can become life threatening by disrupting the
blood
Parasites have developed resistance to many medicines
around world

5. Treatment and Prevention
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Effective and prompt treatment with artemisinin-based
combination therapies
Some medicines don't work for malaria from some parts
of the world
Choice of medicine depends on where you were
infected
Chloroquine is often used as an anti-malarial
medication
Use of insecticidal nets by people at risk
Indoor residual spraying insecticide to control the vector
mosquitoes
Wearing insect repellent and long sleeved clothing

6. Incidence
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Occurs in over 100 countries and territories
Large parts of Central and South America,
Hispaniola, Africa, India, Southeast Asia, Middle
East, Oceania
Occurs in warmer regions of the world- tropical
and subtropical, warmer regions allow mosquitoes
to thrive
More common in the wet season
People most at risk are:
Pregnant women
Infants and children under 5
People with HIV/AIDS

7. Occurrences of Malaria in the
World

8. Osteoporosis
Non-infectious Disease

9. Causes
 Everyone’s
bone start becoming lighter
and thinner from middle age
 Symptoms usually occur when an
excessive amount of bone is lost
 In other, more rare case, it is caused from
other illnesses
 In this case, osteoporosis is a secondary
disease and the primary illness must be
treated first

10. Symptoms
 Give
rise to bone pain
 Backaches
 Bones break easier from
minor accidents
 Loss of height
 Bent spine
 However, it may not cause any symptoms
at all

11. Treatment and Prevention
 Osteoporosis
can be treated and
prevented by:
 Eating a nutritious diet that include large
amounts of calcium and vitamin D
 Regular exercise
 Drinking alcohol less
 Not smoking

12. Incidence
 Higher
risk of osteoporosis from 30
onwards
 More common in older people
 Occurs in most countries
 one in two women and one in five men
over the age of 50 will break a bone
mainly because of poor bone health.
 In 2011-12, 3.3% of Australians (726,000
people) reported having osteoporosis.

13. Vitamin D status around the
world