The document discusses key topics in human geography including natural resources, economic development, world trade, the environment, and urbanization. It notes that natural resources are either renewable or nonrenewable and must be conserved. It describes how developed countries focus on technology and manufacturing while developing countries transition to industrialization. The document also explains how countries specialize in exports and imports to benefit from world trade, while addressing various environmental issues like pollution, fragile ecosystems, and the need for conservation efforts.

1. Resources, Trade,
& the Environment
Human Geography

2. Resources
• Natural Resources – substances from the earth
that can be used by people
– Renewable – can be replaced naturally
– Nonrenewable – cannot be replace
• Must be conserved
• Most natural resources are not evenly distributed

3. Economic Development
• Developed Countries – country with a great
deal of technology & manufacturing
– Small percentage of commercial farms
• Developing Countries – country in the process
of becoming industrialized
– Industrialization – transition from agrarian society
– Large number of subsistence farms

4. World Trade
• Countries export specialized goods & import
goods they cannot produce
• Globalization – to spread throughout the world
• Trade Barriers – tariff, quota, embargo
• Free Trade – removing trade barriers

5. People & the Environment
• Pollution – release of unclean substances
– Water – disrupting natural purification cycle
– Land – dumping waste causes contaminated soil
– Air – burning fossil fuels; deforestation
• Fragile Ecosystem
– Harming one part affects the others
– People need to: conserve resources, recycle, preserve
wilderness areas, & use alternative fuels

6. Urbanization
• Relocation of people from rural areas to cities
• Megacities = population > 10 Million
+ More/Better/Cheaper Infrastructure; Jobs; Variety
- Pollution; Shortages; Social Ills