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Semelhante a Day 2 history and psych foundations bridgewater 2011
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Day 2 history and psych foundations bridgewater 2011
- 1. Welcome to Day 2
- 18. Psychological Foundations of Curriculum
- 35. Operant Conditioning “ Education is what survives when what has been learned has been forgotten” B.F. Skinner "Skinner Box." [Online image] 1 February 2009. <http://http://www.simplypsychology.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/skinner%20box.jpg>.
- 38. Gagné’s Hierarchy of Learning Behavioral Behavioral Behavioral Behavioral 1. Signal Learning : Classical Conditioning - Response to a signal 2. Stimulus-Response: Operant Conditioning – Response to given stimulus 3. Motor Chains: Linking two or more stimulus response connections to form a more complex skill 4. Verbal Association: Linking two or more words or ideas
- 39. Gagné’s Hierarchy of Learning (Cont.) Behavioral Behavioral - Cognitive Behavioral - Cognitive Cognitive – higher order 5. Multiple Discriminations: Responding in different ways to different items in a set 6. Concepts: reacting to stimuli in an abstract way 7. Rules: Chaining two or more stimulus situations or concepts 8. Problem Solving Combining known rules/principles into new situations to solve a problem
- 43. Beginning Mental Model Schools of Thought Behaviorism Cognitive Psychology Piaget, Vygotsky Skinner, Pavlov
- 45. Behaviorism vs. Cognitive Essential Irrelevant Activation of Prior Knowledge Prepare environment Provide stimulus Teachers role Evidence pointing to brain activity- learning The end in themselves- the only observable truth Behaviors Cognitive Theory Behaviorism Attribute
- 47. Montessori’s Legacy What she did: Psychiatric Clinic at the University of Rome- taught “difficult” children to read at a normal level 1906 asked to start a progressive school for slum children of Italy- Casa dei Bambini (Children’s House)
- 49. Piaget- Cognitive development stages Formal operations begins @ 11-15 abstract thinker Concrete operations (ages 7 to 11) begins to think abstractly, needs physical, concrete examples Preoperational stage (ages 2 to 4) Needs concrete interactions (no abstract) use of symbols (pictures, words) to communicate Sensorimotor stage (Birth to 2 years old) learning by movement and sensory exploration
- 52. Piaget vs. Vygotsky Modeling and guided learning Discrete hierarchal stages of the individual Emphasis social learning development Which comes first : social learning (chicken) or development (egg)? Vygotsky Piaget
Notas do Editor
- Chapter 8 mcgraw hill site
- Thorndike maintained that: Conditions influence behavior Attitudes and ability can improve over time Instruction can be designed and controlled It is important to select stimuli and experiences that are integrated consistently and reinforce connections
- He attempted, more than others at the time to apply his theory to the classroom.
- Examples: If a student does well, praising them is a positive reinforcment. If a teacher shouts “keep quiet!” the students silence reinforces the shouting.” Negative reinforcement is the removal of a harmful stimulant when desired behavior occurs (removing electric current in the operant box with rats when the pressed the lever) In the rats, if they pressed the lever, they were rewarded. If the food was not provided when they pressed the lever, (negative) then they would eventually stop pressing.
- While learning new skills, students must know if they are doing things correctly or they will become frustrated or unsure of themselves.
- He doesn’t seem fall solely under behaviorism. He is in between behaviorism and congitive pyschology.
- He is best known for his Nine Instructional Events. (Cognitive)
- 1. fear response to a rat (scared of it) 2. Student’s response to “please sit” 3. dotting the i and crossing the t in a word with both letters 4. translating a foreign word
- 5. discriminating between grass and trees 6. examples, animals grammar, and so on 7. animals have offspring – adjective modifies a noun 8. finding the area of a triangle given the dimensions of two sides.