1. Steve Lagreca
swtrekker@wo w wa y. com
Philmont Contingent Leader, New Michigan Council
Associate Advisor, Venturing Crew 1716
Additional information, along with the most recent version, is hosted at www.vcrew1716.org
Original material provided by Mike Doubleday (smakdd@knology.net), and
Andris Ikstrums (ikstrums378@knology.net), Greater Alabama Council

2. Television
Movies
Books
centers on the Greek hero Odysseus (or Ulysses, as he was known in Roman myths) and his long journey
home following the fall of Troy. It

3. AGE APPROPRIATE ACTIVITIES TEACHABLE
MOMENTS
Troop outdoor program
Council summer camp CHARACTER
“fumes”
50-Miler Afoot / Afloat FITNESS
leadership
CITIZENSHIP
Philmont
Rayado
Northern Tier
National Parks & Forests

5.  In seconds from lack of  To you
thinking (panic)  To your kids
 In minutes from lack of  To the kids you’re
oxygen responsible for
 In hours from lack of
shelter
 In days from lack of
water
 In weeks from lack of
food

6. CLASSROOM SURVIVAL - POP QUIZ...
The #1 resource you can’t control
in ALL survival situations is?
TIME

7. WHAT WOULD YOU DO?
You and your hunting partner Fred have become separated in
the Big Hole Mountains southwest of Yellowstone during a
late-season elk hunt. The truck is several miles away. Night is
coming on fast and it’s beginning to snow. You’ve worked
your way to a brush-covered ridge and can see the lights of
Teton Valley way off in the distance. Fred is nowhere in sight.
Yelling his name brings no response.
A. Stop and make camp where you are.
B. Since you can now see the lights of town, keep going.
C. Retrace your route and try to find Fred.
D. Hike back to the truck, drive to town, alert local search &
rescue.
More @ NON-BSA SITE: http://www.outdoorlife.com/articles/survival/2007/09/quiz-test-your-outdoor-knowledge

8.  Knowing how to stay alive and well until the
emergency is over.
 Working with nature rather than against it.
 Maintaining a positive attitude.

9. What we’re going to do: How we’re going to do it:
 Cover a subset of WS that tends  Pop quizzes to emphasize key points
to overlap both the MB an OB/R  Repetition to retain key points
requirements:  Back references to WS MB and Outdoor
 Risk management Bronze/Ranger requirements is noted
on each page.
 7 survival priorities
 Links to Internet resources (purple).
 Emergency survival kit
 Updated presentation, with add'l
 What you’ll get: reference materials, is avail on
www.vcrew1716.org
 How to prepare / be safe / have
fun for a high adventure at  WS 10 Essentials & Personal Survival Kit
Philmont, Northern Tier, or  WS Training Scenario, Script & Menu
National Parks and Forests  WS Pop Quizzes
 Materials to use as a scouting  WS Tips & Tricks
WS MB / venturing WS OB
counselor

10. Value of High Adventure
• Entices them to “stretch”
• Exhilarating outdoor
experience
• Living and cooperating with
others
• Overcoming difficulties
• Living in harmony with nature
• Opportunities for leadership
• Emphasizes spirituality
• Committed to wildland
stewardship
• Meaningful and lasting
experience
• Character, fitness, citizenship
Ref: Passport to High Adventure, pg 5

11. 1. Show that you know FIRST AID for, and how to prevent injuries or illnesses that could occur in (Before you begin wilderness survival, you must have completed the cooking, land navigation, and FIRST AID
backcountry settings, including aid core requirements.)
- hypothermia - blisters
- heat reactions - insect stings a. Write a RISK MANAGEMENT PLAN for an upcoming crew high adventure activity such as a whitewater
- frostbite - tick bites canoeing or rock-climbing trip. The plan should include:
- dehydration - snakebites - nutrition - insurance - in-service training
- health - safety rules & regulations - environmental considerations
2. From memory, list the SEVEN PRIORITIES for SURVIVAL in a backcountry or wilderness - first aid - proper equipment - emergency & evacuation procedures
location. Explain the importance of each one with your counselor. - supervision - maps & compass - emergency contacts
3. Discuss ways to AVOID PANIC and MAINTAIN a high level of MORALE when lost, and explain b. From memory, list the SURVIVAL PRIORITIES and explain your use of each in a survival situation.
why this is important.
c. Learn about and then make a tabletop display or presentation for your crew, another crew, a Cub or Boy
4. Describe the steps you would take to SURVIVE in the following CONDITIONS: Scout group, or another youth group on the following subjects:
1. Emergency SIGNALS used in the outdoors
a. Cold and snowy 2. Search and rescue patterns
3. Evacuation procedures and value of WHEN TO MOVE and when not to move in a wilderness emergency
b. Wet (forest)
d. Explain the following environmental exposure problems. Discuss what causes them, signs and symptoms,
c. Hot and dry (desert) and treatment. FIRST AID
1. Hypothermia 4. Heat exhaustion
d. Windy (mountains or plains) 2. Frostbite 5. Heat cramps
e. Water (ocean, lake, or river) 3. Sunburn 6. Heat stroke
5. Put together a PERSONAL SURVIVAL KIT and explain how each item in it could be useful . e. 1. Explain dehydration and the necessity of conserving fluids in a survival situation.
2. Explain at least four methods of OBTAINING WATER in the outdoors and demonstrate at least two ways
6. Using three different methods (other than matches), BUILD and LIGHT three FIRES. to PURIFY that water.
7. Do the following: f. 1. Demonstrate at least two different FIRE LAYS-one for cooking and one for warmth.
2. Learn and discuss the use of fire starters, tinder, kindling, softwoods, and hardwoods in fire making.
a. Show five different ways to attract attention when lost.
g. Explain and demonstrate how you can gain knowledge of WEATHER patterns using VHF band radio and
b. Demonstrate how to use a signal mirror. other radios, winds, barometric pressure, air masses and their movements, clouds, and other indicators.
c. Describe from memory five ground-to-air SIGNALS and tell what they mean. h. 1. Explain the different ROPE materials and thicknesses that are best for wilderness use and how to care for
them.
8. Improvise a natural shelter. For the purpose of this demonstration, use techniques that have little 2. Know the use of and demonstrate how to tie the following KNOTS and LASHINGS:
negative impact on the environment. Spend a NIGHT IN your SHELTER. a. Sheet bend f. Clove hitch
b. Fisherman's knot g. Timber hitch
9. Explain how to PROTECT YOURSELF from insects, reptiles, and bears. c. Bowline h. Taut-line hitch
10. Demonstrate three ways to TREAT WATER found in the outdoors to prepare it for drinking. d. Bowline on a bight i. Square lashing
e. Two half hitches j. Shear lashing
11. Show that you know the PROPER CLOTHING to wear in your area on an overnight in extremely
hot weather and in extremely cold weather. i. 1. Explain the usefulness and drawbacks of obtaining FOOD in the wilderness, including things to avoid.
2. Prepare and eat at least one meal with food you have found in the outdoors.
12. Explain why it usually NOT WISE to eat EDIBLE wild PLANTS or WILDLIFE in a wilderness
survival situation. j. 1. Make a list of items you would include in a WILDERNESS SURVIVAL KIT and then make copies to hand
out to visitors to your wilderness survival outpost camp.
2. Using your list, make a wilderness survival kit. Explain the use of each item you have included.
k. 1. Set up a wilderness survival outpost CAMP and spend at least TWO NIGHTS and two days in your site.
2. Use and demonstrate several knots and lashings from requirement (h) in your wilderness survival
campsite demonstration.
3. Know how to plan a wilderness SHELTER for three different environments and then build a shelter as part
of your wilderness survival campsite demonstration.
4. Have your crew, another crew, a Cub or Boy Scout group, or another youth group visit you in your outpost
for a presentation you make on wilderness survival (at least one hour).
(Note: Remember to use the Leave No Trace principles you learned.)

12. …because the best emergency is the one that never
happens, and an injury that’s avoided needs no treatment!
OB-A

13. CLASSROOM SURVIVAL - POP QUIZ...
Name the two primary reasons an
emergency escalates into a
wilderness survival situation:
DENIAL and PANIC

14.  Lost hiking in the woods
 Sudden storm comes up and you won’t make your
destination
 Someone is injured and requires immediate medical
attention
 A sick / injured person can not move and requires
evacuation
 Your vehicle breaks down in a remote location
 Your boat capsizes, gets damaged or suffers engine failure
 An unplanned swim causes immediate risk of hypothermia
 Exacerbating Circumstances:
 Responding to an emergency causes additional injury.
 After dealing with an emergency, darkness falls
OB-A

15.  Risk is inherent in everything we do in the
outdoors, but it is the actions we take to
reduce the risk that are important:
 We drink from a stream, which has parasites
and crud, but we filter and treat to reduce
risk.
 We share the outdoors with animals, but we
protect ourselves by hanging food and Three keys to effective
“smellables” risk management:
1. Everyone in the group
 Perceived risk can energize us to be commits to having a
cautious: climbing, guns, bows & safe experience.
arrows, cold, etc. 2. Everyone knows risks
and follows guidelines
 Totally eliminating risk requires staying at established to minimize
risk.
home; a realistic alternative is to heighten 3. Everyone is involved in
awareness at critical points. recognizing and
dealing with risks that
OB-A arise on an outing.

16.  Ensure qualified, adult supervision: Study the route:
 Understands risks of this adventure: BSA  Know how to navigate and use a compass
Handbook, Field book, MBs (optional GPS)
 Takes responsibility for the group’s safety:
Trained, G2SS, YPT  Calculate daily mileage, elevation
 Has relevant certifications: CPR, WFA, Safe change, identify campsites, water sources and
Swim, Safety Afloat, Climb On distances between them, danger points using
trail and topo maps
 Get fit & healthy:
 Know seasonal temperature, average
 Evaluate skill/experience level of crew. rainfall, typical weather
Match adventure to crew’s skill level & fitness
patterns, sunrise/sunset, phase of
 Train for it, just like any athletic event moon, high/low tides
 Insist on BSA physical / know who’s allergic
to what  Research wildlife, predators, poisonous snakes
/ spiders / plants
 Gear up:
 Gear appropriate to the terrain and season /  Call the park ranger for the latest!
identify special equipment requirements Share plans with others who care:
 Take extra required medications  Leave a copy at home, inc.
 Calculate water storage requirements maps, routes, timetables, and check-ins
 Calculate fuel requirements
Expect discipline:
 Check cell phone coverage, consider satellite
phone, GPS transmitter  Roles, responsibilities, who makes decisions
 Prepare ESK and take it , how they are made
BE PREPARED
OB-A More: BSA Fieldbook, Ch. 6

17.  Plenty of water
 Extra food
 Extra clothing
 Matches/lighter and fire starters
 Map & compass
 Rain gear
 Pocket knife
 First aid kit
 Flashlight or headlamp
 Sunscreen / insect repellant
When do you bring them – ALWAYS!
MB-5 OB-J1
Who brings them – EVERYONE!

18. WS Merit Badge book:
 Duct tape (small roll)  Snare wire – 24 gauge (repairs)
 Fishing line w/hooks & shots, 50 ft  Whistle (signaling)
 Garbage bag (sleeping bag dry, rain gear)
Also recommended by experts:
 Medications (extra)  Metal cup, pot or coffee can
 Tinder (fire)  Mosquito head-net
 Aluminum foil, 10 ft (cooking/signaling)  Nylon cord, 1/8", 50 ft
 Bandana  Paper/pencil
 Emergency blanket (shelter)  Safety pins, large needle, cable ties
 Identification  Spoon
 Large knife/hatchet  Water purification
 Zip-loc bag
ESK:
• Is in addition to the outdoor 10 essentials
• Is personal preference and situation related
• When do you bring a kit – ALWAYS!
• Who brings a kit – EVERYONE!
MB-5 OB-J1 • Where is the kit – ATTACHED TO YOU!

19.  Special purpose gear depending on type and
remoteness of adventure
 Desert - solar still equipment, tarp
 Winter - layers, gloves, balaclava, sleeping bag
 Water - flares, life jackets, tools, water
 Climbing - climbing equipment, rope, specialized
footwear, helmet
 Each item should have multiple uses.
 It must be waterproof.
 Know how to use everything.
 Test everything.
MB-5 OB-J1

20. What to do when things go wrong.

21. CLASSROOM SURVIVAL - POP QUIZ...
The single most important tool you
must ALWAYS take with you is:
YOUR BRAIN
Clear-minded thinking, determination, the will to
live, creativity, positive mental attitude, skills,
deliberate actions, and experience can make the
difference between survival and disaster.

22. CLASSROOM SURVIVAL - POP QUIZ...
True or False: Survival is a democratic
process – everyone has a vote?
FALSE
A survival situation is life-threatening!
Pick a leader: Clear thinking, determined, most
experienced

23. In order of importance:
1. S.T.O.P.: Stop, Think, Observe, & Plan
2. Provide first aid
3. Seek shelter
4. Build a fire
5. Signal for help
6. Drink water
The WS Imperative:
7. (Don’t worry about) food Positive Mental Attitude:
 Decide to survive
 Anticipate panic
 Control peripheral danger
 Be deliberate
MB-2 OB-B
 Keep doing

24. Do What : How to do it:
•Stop • Hug a tree / relax • Drink some water, eat a snack.
• Seek safety (from weather, water, animals) • Stay put if you are lost (a stationary
• Seek shelter (from cold, rain, heat) person is easier to find than a moving
• Seek visibility (so you can see and be seen). one)
•Think • You have a good mind; start using it! • Can I help others find me?
• What went wrong? • Don't make quick decisions.
• How can I help myself? • Don’t go anywhere, yet!
• Are there any immediate dangers?
•Observe • Am I hurt? • How much time do I have?
• What equipment do I have that may help? • What other hazards are around me?
• What's the weather going to do? • What natural resources are available?
•Plan • Assess conditions, people, gear, location. • Analyze risks vs. benefits of changing
• Develop a new plan based on your the original plan.
observations.
MB-2 OB-B Panic and haste could
make things worse.

25. This is a quick reference. Ensure your crew has First Aid Merit Badge and Red Cross WFA (Wilderness First Aid) skills
MB OB Preparation / Prevention Signs Treatment
Treat hot spots quickly. Hot spots created by rubbing or abrasion Moleskin, gel pads
^Shoes/Boots & Socks are a ^Scissors and foot powder. Anti-bacterial ointment for
Blisters X System. Know & Practice with wound management. Treat blisters in morning after
Your System Recognize potential overnight rest (body re-absorbs blister fluids).
beyond feet; hands, shoulders, hips
Drink fluids ^ Early sign: Chapped/Drying lips Drink fluids. Stay in the shade
^Understand your travel Later sign: Dark urine, headache,
Dehydra- environment. weariness, body ache
tion X X Altitude/Humidity/Temperature
(Hot & Cold). Drink fluids
regularly before thirsty. Clear &
copious urine.
^Think C.O.L.D. to stay warm: Pain / numbness on ears, nose, fingers, feet, Get to care quickly. Seek shelter. Avoid rubbing, hold
Frostbite X X C -- keep clothing Clean
O avoid Overheating
grayish-white patches of skin under warm water. Tuck hand under armpit, place toes
on belly, palm on ear.
L - wear clothes Loose and in ^Do not re-warm if there is a potential for refreezing
Layers Body losing more heat than it can generate: Seek shelter. Drink warm liquids. Wear dry, warm
D - keep clothing Dry Feel cold, numb, tired, anxious, irritable, clothes & hat. Get in sleeping bag. Hold hot water
clumsy, slurred speech, shiver, poor bottles.
^Minimize exposure of skin &
Hypo- X X
decisions, lose consciousness
extremities. (Nose, Ears, Fingers, &
^ Stay dry, sit on leaves, not ground.
thermia toes) Minimize wetness ^The symptoms are a progression
(perspiration). Use natural depending on decreasing core temperature.
insulation to keep ground from
absorbing body heat
^Hydrate, drink and eat regularly ^Muscle spasms and contractions (arms, ^Rest, lie flat, and elevate legs. Gentle limb
Heat X legs, stomach) straightening. Massage not so helpful. Tums will add
cramps calcium and/or slowly drink water & salt mix (¼ tsp per
liter).
Heat Heavy sweating, cold/clammy skin, nausea, Find shade and breeze. Drink fluids. Place wet cloths.
exhaustion X X tiredness, dizziness, fainting, headache, ^Rest during heat – move during cool
muscle cramps, weakness
^Hydrate, drink and eat regularly, Body temp rises to life-threatening level, Get to care quickly. Find shade and breeze (fan), loosen
reduce strenuous effort in elevated 105 F, hot, sweaty, red skin, confusion, tight clothing, drink water, pour water on victim, use
Heat stroke X X temperatures & humidity. disorientation, rapid pulse ice packs.
^Altered mental state ^ Monitor temperature.
MB-1 OB-D More: *BSA Fieldbook, Ch. 6, ^EMT

26. This is a quick reference. Ensure your crew has First Aid Merit Badge and Red Cross WFA (Wilderness First Aid) skills
MB OB Preparation / Prevention Signs Treatment
^Know your tolerance to Insect ^Initially Pain and swelling at the site. Check for Anaphylactic shock – EpiPen* Scrape stinger
Insect X Bites & Stings Depending on tolerance increasing hives, with edge of knife blade, ice pack (reduce swelling)
stings swelling with increasing
respiratory/breathing distress,
*Use hiking stick. Watch hand ^ Two small Puncture marks, redness and Get to care quickly. Carry victim. Keep wound lower
placement when climbing / getting swelling. tingling at site, metallic taste in than heart. Don’t apply ice. Don’t give aspirin.
Snake bites X firewood mouth, fever chills, nausea, vomiting, ^. Clean wound; remove rings and constrictive items.
Blurred vision & muscle tremors Keep victim quiet, hydrated & comfortable.
Broad-brimmed hat, long sleeve ^Exposed skin redness (1st degree burns) *Damp cloths / Aloe vera
shirt and pants, sunscreen SPF > 15 and developing blisters (mild 2nd degree ^Burns: cool wet dressings. Pain management with
or mud, stay in shade during burns) usually after 24 hours Anti-inflammatory drugs (aspirin(adults only),
middle of the day. ibuprofen) Anesthetic sprays & ointments.
Sunburn X ^ Run sunscreen into skin
thoroughly 30 minutes prior to ^Blisters: cool wet sterile dressings, do not break. If
exposure. broken, treat as open wound. Wash clean, dry, apply
antibiotics and dry clean dressing.
Wear long pants & long-sleeve Inspect yourself daily. Lyme disease – red Pull off with tweezers.
shirt ring-like rash around bite* Wash with soap and water.
Tuck cuffs into socks. Apply antiseptic.
Tick bites X Inspect yourself daily.
^Treat outer clothes with
Permethrin.
MB-1 OB-D More: *BSA Fieldbook, Ch. 6, ^EMT

27. WHAT WOULD YOU DO?
You thought you had given yourself enough time for the return
hike, but suddenly night is overtaking you as you follow your trail
back toward camp, which is still a few miles away. The going is slow
as you fight your way through dense foliage in the deep canyon.
This broken country is nothing but forested canyons separated by
bald ridges. Finally, in utter blackness and feeling the onset of a
biting chill, you give up and decide to make camp. You have
nothing but the clothes you are wearing. How will you make it
through the night?
A. Camp in the deepest part of the canyon.
B. Climb to the ridge top and camp there.
C. Climb two-thirds of the way to the ridge top, find some cover and
spend the night there.
D. Find the densest bunch of trees and hunker down for warmth.
More @ NON-BSA SITE: http://www.outdoorlife.com/articles/survival/2007/09/quiz-test-your-outdoor-knowledge

28. Why is this important? How to do it?
 Surviving long enough to  Find natural cover – caves, beneath the bottom
branches of a tree or a rock overhang
be rescued can be summed  Make cover - lean-to, ponchos, emergency
up as doing all you can to blanket, snow shelters, garbage bag
 Not in a low spot (water puddles)
help your body maintain  Not next to water (possible flooding)
its ideal temperature  Away from fire hazards (fire is priority #4)
without using more energy  Away from ants, animal dens, poisonous
plants, and sharp rocks
than necessary. That  Next to a clearing (visibility)
means … shelter – WSMB  Plenty of resources nearby - building materials
(frame work, insulation, roofing), water,
 Protection from wind, rain, plants, and animals
sun, dead limbs, and rock
falls
Things to consider
• Check natural shelters for signs of animals, snakes.
• Don’t place food in shelters.
MB-8 OB-K1,3 • Don’t build a fire in your shelter, unless it’s well ventilated.
• Put signals or signs out; shelters are difficult to see.

29. MB-8 OB-K3 More @ NON-BSA SITE: http://www.wilderness-survival.net/shelters-2.php

30. MB-8 OB-K3 More @ NON-BSA SITE: http://www.wilderness-survival.net/shelters-2.php

31. MB-8 OB-K3 More @ NON-BSA SITE: http://www.wilderness-survival.net/shelters-2.php

32. MB-8 OB-K3 More @ NON-BSA SITE: http://www.wilderness-survival.net/shelters-2.php

33. MB-8 OB-K3 More @ NON-BSA SITE: http://www.wilderness-survival.net/shelters-2.php

34. Why is this important? How to do it:
 Choose a location that’s dry and out of the wind.
 Warmth for comfort and  Wet ground / snow - place tinder on a dry surface, a
split log!
positive mental attitude  Windy - create a fire ring (requires less wood)
Don’t build fire in dry creek bed or rain run-off point.
 Keeps you in one place 
 Dig a shallow pit to protect it from the wind. Clear an
area at least 4 feet around the pit.
 Smoke for signaling  Build a rock wall about 2 feet high in a "C" shape on
the pit, to reflect heat back toward shelter.
 Heat for purifying water,  Collect enough fuel (3-4x) to last the night - WSMB
 Small fires are controllable, larger, smoky fires are
sterilizing bandages, more visible.
 Heat dry rocks in a fire for boiling water and cooking
protection from animals, food.
 Bury large, hot rocks inside shelter to keep it warmer.
cooking and making
tools
MB-6 OB-F1

35. MB-6 OB-F1 More @ NON-BSA SITE: http://www.wilderness-survival.net/fire-4.php

36.  Tinder - dry material that ignites easily  Flint & steel
 Cotton char cloth wax paper  Metal match or “fire striker” and
 Dryer lint dried grasses magnesium bar
 Cat tail fuzz cotton ball w/Vaseline  Magnifying glass / Fresnel lens
 Fungus from birch trees  Bottom of a coke can
 Shred inner bark birch or cedar  Ice lens
 Insect repellent is flammable   Camera lens, binoculars, etc.
 Kindling - material that can be added to  9 volt battery spark…and “0000” steel
burning tinder wool
 Small sticks
 Pine cones
 Bow and drill
 Pine tree nodules  Hand drill
 Fuel - burns slowly and steadily once  Fire drill / bow / plow / piston
ignited  Glycerin and potassium permanganate
(old-fashioned 1st aid kit items)
 Brake fluid and bleach
 An ember from last night’s fire!
 Borrow a light from a smoker
How many ways have you started a fire?
MB-6 OB-F2
Make a game of 1 new method on each campout.

37. MB-6 OB-F2 More @ NON-BSA SITE: http://www.wilderness-survival.net/fire-5.php

38. Why is this important? How to do it:
 “3 in a row” is a universal distress signal –
 Get your rescuer's three fires, three piles of rock, three
attention circles in field, …
 Make your fire smoke, build it larger and
 Send a message your add green or wet leaves.
rescuer understands.  Don't yell - it doesn't carry far and is
tiring. Whistling carries further and
 Aircraft signals: takes less energy.
 Change terrain features – nature doesn’t
 Rock wings - message have right angles or straight lines
received and understood  Scratch out a message in
sand, dirt, grass, etc.
 Right hand circle -
 Signal mirrors reflect sunlight for miles
message received, not  Make contrasting colors, shapes, etc.
understood  Be creative, use as many ways as possible.
MB-7 OB-C1

39. MB-7C OB-C1 More @ NON-BSA SITE: http://www.wilderness-survival.net/chp19.php

40. WHAT WOULD YOU DO?
It’s late August and you want to do some preseason scouting. You’ve heard
that some big bucks hide down on the slick rock desert, so you drive way,
way out on flat dirt, the road barely visible. Without warning, your truck
utters a death rattle from somewhere down in the crankcase. You’ve lost a
rod bearing and now you’re stranded in the most remote half-acre of terra
firma you’ve ever seen. It’s 105 degrees in the sun and there’s not a hint of
shade anywhere—no outcroppings or trees. Luckily, you brought a gallon
of drinking water, and you figure that’ll keep you alive for a day and a half.
But what do you do as the water slowly disappears?
A. Drink the coolant fluid from the truck’s radiator.
B. Urinate in the water bottle and let it sit out in the sun to kill any
microbes. Then drink what’s left.
C. Ration your water to a cup a day to lengthen your survival time and try
to follow your tire tracks back.
D. Set out signal devices and then crawl under the truck to get out of the
sun to minimize body fluid loss.
More @ NON-BSA SITE: http://www.outdoorlife.com/articles/survival/2007/09/quiz-test-your-outdoor-knowledge

41. Why is this important? How to do it:
Clean/Safe Sources
Your body loses fluid as a  Rain, before it hits the ground - collect in a plastic sheet.
 Dew - collect with a cloth early in the morning
 Solar still
result of Other sources need to be treated (next page):
heat, cold, stress, and  Lakes, streams, puddles: Water flows downhill, look in
low areas.
 Ponds and lakes are more polluted; look for the stream
exertion. To function that feeds it.
 Trickles from cliffs / overhangs
 Sap from maple or edible succulent plants
effectively, you must  Best sources are fast moving, clear streams with healthy
plants and animals in and around.
replace the fluid your body  Polluted water can cause severe diarrhea and nausea;
both can be deadly in the wilderness.
loses. Avoid:
 Don’t eat snow - burns energy, loses body heat
 Don’t drink urine - body needs fluids to rid itself of
waste, urine is high waste, salt
 Don’t suck plants that aren’t edible
 Cactus pulp - be careful of sickness/vomiting
 Don’t drink sea water
MB-10 OB-C2

42.  Boiling  Bleach
 Requires fire/fuel (5-10 minute boil)  5 drops per quart and shake
 Iodine tabs/Polar Pure  10-30 min wait
 Temperature dependent, 30+ min  Limited shelf life
 Does not kill all pathogens  Pumps/filters
 Limited shelf life / tastes bad  Can clog/break – bring spare parts
 Do not use if:  Tripod “filters”
 allergic to shellfish  Removes sediment and improve
 take Lithium flavor, DOES NOT remove
 thyroid problems dangerous bacteria / toxins!
 pregnant  Better to drink impure water than to
 small children dehydrate
 women over 50
 liver or kidney disease
MB-10 OB-E2

43. Why is this important? How to do it:
 WARNING: do not eat ANY plant or animal unless you are absolutely positive what
In most cases the energy it is.
 Many poisonous plants look similar to edible plants. Train with an expert. Learn to
identify edible and poisonous plants. Learn how to prepare and cook them.
you burn in trying to  Eat small amounts to avoid an upset stomach. Diarrhea or vomiting will leave you
worse off.
 Grass - no grass is poisonous, but don't eat too much (especially mature stems) as it
capture an animal and is hard to digest. Choose tender young shoots; cooking for several minutes will help.
Brown or green grass seeds should be toasted. Do not eat purple or black seeds; they
contain a poisonous fungus.
prepare it to be safely  Cattail - young shoots, roots; also seeds (tinder), leaves (insulation, weaving)
 Acorns - boil in several changes of water to remove bitter taste.
 Pine needles - finely chop needles and boil to make a tea.
eaten would be better used  Dandelion, sunflower, grass seeds
 Insects - remove stingers, legs, hard shells, and wings. Look for them in moist shady
improving your areas like in rotting logs and under bark and leaves.
 Healthy mammals, birds, insects are edible
 Anything you see eaten by rabbits, rodents, beavers, squirrels, raccoons.
shelter, gathering water... -  Do not eat things eaten by birds.
 Do not eat plants with soapy, bitter, acid, burning taste.
WSMB  Do not eat plants with milky saps, or that are sickly looking.
MB-12 OB-I1

44. Animals: Plants:
 Most flying, crawling, walking or Stay away from unknown plants and:
swimming animals can be eaten  Milky or discolored sap
 Smaller animals are easier to kill and  Beans, bulbs, or seeds inside pods
prepare
 Bitter or soapy taste
 Overcome personal bias against foods
 Eating bugs, wild animals like  Spines, fine hairs, or thorns
raccoons, skunks, road kill  Dill, carrot, parsnip, or parsley-like foliage
 Animals can attack and inflict injury  "Almond" scent in woody parts and leaves
 Reptiles are generally edible  Grain heads with pink, purplish, or black
 Don’t eat box turtles, due to their diet spurs
of mushrooms  Three-leaved growth pattern
 Amphibians are generally edible  Red fruit
 Don’t eat frogs with bright colors or a
visible X on back Many commercial fruits and vegetables
 Don’t eat or even handle toads violate the general rules for identifying
poisonous wild plants!
 Cook freshwater fish to kill parasites
MB-12 OB-I1

45. Mushrooms: Cook meat and plants:
 Don’t eat mushrooms. Eating the
smallest piece can result in DEATH!  Kills bacteria
 No room to experiment
 Kills parasites, diseases
 Negligible nutritional value:
 You need 54 grams of protein per  Boiling removes some
day
 1 cup of raw mushrooms = 2 grams toxins from plants
 Can affect central nervous system
 Easier to digest
 Symptoms may show up several days
later:  Hot food improves
 Too late to reverse effects
 For most mushrooms, there are no morale.
antidotes
MB-12 OB-I1

46. WHAT WOULD YOU DO?
You’re casting for trout along a river in northern Montana when a
sudden crash in the bushes spins you around and you find yourself
face to face with a big grizzly bear. It rears up to full height, bares
its teeth and roars. Then it drops to all fours and rushes you. What
would you do to survive this encounter?
A. Stand as tall as possible, wave your arms and roar back at the
bear in an attempt to convince it that you’re a threat to be
avoided.
B. Lie face-down on the ground, cover your head with your arms
and play dead.
C. Climb a nearby tree, preferably one that is small enough that it
won’t support the weight of the bear.
D. Dash across the river, because bears are often afraid of crossing
current.
More @ NON-BSA SITE: http://www.outdoorlife.com/articles/survival/2007/09/quiz-test-your-outdoor-knowledge

47. Black Bear: 15K – 19K, ~ 90% in UP, 10% in northern LP.
Cougar: expatriated at turn of last century, unlikely to encounter
Coyote: rarely attack humans
Gray Wolf: few, endangered, Pictured Rocks, Isle Royale
http://www.michigan.gov/dnr/0,1607,7-153-10370_12145_12205---,00.html
Eastern Massasauga Rattlesnake – only venomous snake in MI.
Found in wetlands and nearby upland woods throughout the lower peninsula.
Shy, sluggish, typically avoids confrontation
If bit, get to doctor
http://www.michigan.gov/dnr/0,1607,7-153-10370_12145_12201-32995--,00.html
Brown recluse spider – vary rare
http://www.michigan.gov/dnr/0,1607,7-153-10370_12145_12204-36491--,00.html
Northern Black widow spider – toxic venom but small amount
Typically runs rather than bites
Found in old stumps, hollow logs, under fallen fence posts, in abandoned animal
burrows or piles of brush
If bit, get to doctor
http://www.pestid.msu.edu/InsectsArthropods/NorthernBlackWidowSpiderLatrodectusvariolus/tabid/263/Default.aspx
poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac

48.  Give it a try:
 Choose 1 of the 7 survival priorities, e.g. building a fire w/o
matches/lighter.
 Give a talk and demo (if permissible) at Troop meeting.
 On the next campout.
 Create a “story”, a.k.a. reason
 Make it a patrol competition
 Give the winners a token prize
 Have fun, discuss what to try next
 Repeat!
 Or dive right in:
 Use the WS “Scenario, Script & Menu” (separate file) on your next
campout.
 Script includes a realistic scenario, with 3 related WS situations that require
teamwork, knowledge of the 7 WS priorities, and stamina to resolve.”
 Calibrate intensity to # of participants and experience level.
 Teach the rest of the merit badge.

51. BSA Wilderness Survival Merit Badge Handbook, 2007
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Backpacker Magazine, www.backpacker.com
Feasting Free on Wild Edibles, Bradford Angier, 1972
FM 21-76 US Army Survival Manual
How to Stay Alive in the Woods, Bradford Angier, 2001
Keller’s Outdoor Survival Guide, William Keller, 2001
Outdoor Life Magazine, www.outdoorlife.com
Outdoor Safety and Survival, Paul H. Risk, 1983
Participating in Nature, 5th Ed Thomas J. Elpel, 2002
The Backwoodsman Magazine, www.backwoodsmanmag.com
Wilderness First Aid, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2005
Wildwood Wisdom, Ellsworth Jaeger, 1945