2. The Tudors and Parliament

3. The Stuarts and Parliament

4. The English Civil War

5. The Monarchy Returns Monarchy in England

7. What led the first two Stuart kings to clash with Parliament?

8. What were the causes and results of the English Civil War?

9. What happened when monarchy returned to England? Main Idea In contrast to the absolute monarchies of Spain and France, the English monarchy was limited by Parliament; following a civil war, Parliament became even more powerful. Monarchy in England

12. Parliament pressured her to marry so she would have heir to throne

13. Elizabeth refused, knowing marriage would limit her freedom

15. Often called Bloody Mary, briefly made England Catholic again

16. 1558, Mary died; Elizabeth crowned queen

17. Returned England to Anglican Church with Parliament’s help

20. Asked publicly, “Cannot princes err? Cannot subjects receive wrong? Is an earthly power or authority infinite?”

21. Essex tried, executed as a traitor

22. Not the last to question Elizabeth’s authority Elizabeth in Charge

23. Recall What did Henry VIII and Elizabeth I work with Parliament to do? Answer(s): to pass laws to help the monarch achieve desired results

26. View of absolute monarchy caused conflict with Parliament

28. James rarely got all money he wanted from Parliament

30. Refused to pass Puritans’ requests for reform

31. Did agree to publication of King James Bible Puritan Reform

33. Involved England in military adventures overseas

34. 1628, summoned Parliament to request money

35. Parliament refused until Charles signed Petition of Right

37. Could not levy taxes without Parliamentary approval

38. Parliament later refused to give Charles money again

39. He taxed English people on own, forced bankers to lend him money

40. Parliament was furious

41. Charles dismissed Parliament

42. 1629, decided to rule without consulting Parliament again Petition of Right

43. Find the Main Idea Why did the Stuarts have trouble with Parliament? Answer(s): Both wanted to rule as absolute monarchs.

48. Charles accepted new rules; but awaited right time to overturn The English Civil War

51. Charles I called for support of English people

53. Led troops into House of Commons, but men had already escaped

54. Charles had tipped hand on intentions to take back power War with Parliament

56. Wealthy nobles called Royalists for allegiance to Charles

57. Parliament could back its army by voting for funding

58. Supporters of Parliament called Roundheads for short, bowl-shaped haircuts

60. Rose to leadership as army general

61. 1644, led victory in which 4,000 of king’s soldiers died

63. 1646, king surrendered

64. Cromwell dismissed members of Parliament who disagreed with him

65. Those left made up what was called the Rump Parliament King Surrenders

67. In the end, Charles sentenced to death for treason

68. January 30, 1649, publicly beheaded in front of own palace

69. To some he was martyr; to others tyrant who got what he deserved Trial and Execution

71. House of Commons abolished House of Lords, outlawed monarchy

73. Led military expeditions to Scotland, Ireland

75. Skilled leader, but demanded complete obedience

76. Clamped down on social life, closed theaters, limited other entertainment England under Cromwell

78. Identify Cause and Effect What were some effects of the English Civil War? Answer(s): temporarily ended monarchy and House of Lords, restricted English social life in certain ways

80. His government collapsed

82. Parliament laid out certain conditions which Charles accepted

83. Was crowned as Charles II

84. People shouted their good wishes The New King

86. Habeas Corpus Act passed, guaranteeing someone accused of a crime had right to appear in court to determine if should be held, released

87. 1665, bubonic plague returned; following year Great Fire of London

89. Charles supported religious toleration for Catholics, but Parliament insisted on laws to strengthen the Church of England

90. Restoration years, mixture of positive, negative events

92. 1685, Charles died, James crowned king

93. Many wondered if another destructive war would follow

94. James not popular; believed in right to rule as absolute monarch

96. William and Mary both Protestants, lived in Netherlands

97. James fled to France

98. Parliament gave throne to William III, Mary II as joint rulers; transfer became known as the Glorious Revolution Glorious Revolution

100. Document’s approval came after decades of dramatic changes in English government

102. More important, a document William and Mary had to sign before taking throne—the English Bill of Rights

103. Document prevented monarch from levying taxes without consent of Parliament, among other provisions

104. U.S. Bill of Rights based on this document Bill of Rights

105. Describe What happened during the Glorious Revolution? Answer(s): William and Mary were given the English throne by Parliament.