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10
                                          Creating
                                      Brand Equity
Mr. Ajit Arya
Faculty-Marketing
Department of Business Studies
C. U. Shah College of Engg. & Tech.
Chapter Questions

• What is a brand and how does
  branding work?
• What is brand equity?
• How is brand equity built, measured,
  and managed?
• What are the important decisions in
  developing a branding strategy?
BARISTA: A Strong Brand
Kerala Tourism has successfully branded the
destination with a brand name, logo, and the tagline
“God’s Own Country”
What is a Brand?

A brand is a name, term, sign, symbol
 or design, or a combination of them,
   intended to identify the goods or
   services of one seller or group of
 sellers and to differentiate them from
          those of competitors.
The Role of Brands

Identify the maker


 Simplify product handling


          Organize accounting


                Offer legal protection
The Role of Brands

 Signify quality


 Create barriers to entry

        Serve as a competitive
             advantage

                   Secure price premium
What is Branding?

    Branding is endowing
products and services with the
     power of the brand.
Advantages of Branding
•   Consumer’s viewpoint
    1. Product quality
    2. Increased shopper efficiency
    3. Calls attention to new products
    4. Reduces psychological risk

•   Seller’s viewpoint
    1. Handling orders, accounting, tracking down problems
    2. Trademark identification – legal protection
    3. Brand loyalty
    4. Reduces need for in-store contact
    5. Facilitates segmentation, promotion, and pricing
       (competitive advantage)
What is Brand Equity?

 Brand equity is the added value
endowed on products and services,
 which may be reflected in the way
consumers, think, feel, and act with
       respect to the brand.
Brand Knowledge

Thoughts                    Feelings

              Knowledge


                            Images
 Beliefs
              Experiences
Advantages of Strong Brands

• Improved perceptions
  of product              • Larger margins
  performance             • More inelastic
• Greater loyalty           consumer response
• Less vulnerability to   • Greater trade
  competitive marketing     cooperation
  actions                 • Increased marketing
• Less vulnerability to     communications
  crises                    effectiveness
                          • Possible licensing
                            opportunities
Apple is a Strong Brand
What is a Brand Promise?

 A brand promise is the marketer’s
vision of what the brand must be and
          do for consumers.
Brand Equity Models



• Brand Asset Valuator
     • Aaker Model
       • BRANDZ
  • Brand Resonance
BAV Key Components

     Differentiation

        Energy

      Relevance

        Esteem

      Knowledge
Brand Dynamics Pyramid
                  Strong Relationship


      Bonding

     Advantage

    Performance

    Relevance

     Presence
                   Weak Relationship
Aaker Model


                     Core Identity
  Brand Identity
                      Elements

Extended Identity
                    Brand Essence
    Elements
Brand Resonance Pyramid
Drivers of Brand Equity



             Brand Elements

           Marketing Activities

          Meaning Transference
Brand Elements

           Brand
           names          URLs


Slogans
               Elements
                             Logos


  Characters
                   Symbols
Brand Element Choice Criteria


•   Memorable
•   Meaningful
•   Likeability
•   Transferable
•   Adaptable
•   Protectible
Slogans

• Like a good neighbor,   •   We try harder
  State Farm is there     •   We’ll pick you up
• Just do it              •   Nextel – Done
• Nothing runs like a     •   Zoom Zoom
  Deere                   •   I’m lovin’ it
• Save 15% or more in     •   Innovation at work
  15 minutes or less
                          •   This Bud’s for you
                          •   Always low prices
Designing Holistic Marketing Activities



Personalization


  Integration


Internalization
Internal Branding

• Choose the right moment
• Link internal and external marketing
• Bring the brand alive for employees
Secondary Sources of Brand Knowledge
Measuring Brand Equity


Brand Audits


       Brand Tracking


               Brand Valuation
The 10 Most Valuable Brands

Brand           2006 Brand Value (Billions)
Coca-Cola       $67.00
Microsoft       $56.93
IBM             $56.20
GE              $48.91
Intel           $38.32
Nokia           $30.13
Toyota          $27.94
Disney          $27.85
McDonald’s      $27.50
Mercedes-Benz   $22.13
Managing Brand Equity


 Brand Reinforcement


        Brand Revitalization


                 Brand Crises
Interbrand’s Steps in Calculating Brand Equity


  •   Market segmentation
  •   Financial analysis
  •   Role of branding
  •   Brand strength
  •   Brand value calculation
Devising a Branding Strategy

     Develop new brand
         elements

           Apply existing brand
                elements

                Use a combination of
                    old and new
Branding Terms

•   Brand line        • Line extension
•   Brand mix         • Category
•   Brand extension     extension
•   Sub-brand         • Branded variants
•   Parent brand      • Licensed product
•   Family brand      • Brand dilution
                      • Brand portfolio
• Line extensions refers to new sizes,
  styles, or related products
   – Coca-Cola line extensions
• Brand licensing
         licensing:
  practice allowing
  other companies to
  use a brand name
  in exchange for a
  payment
   – Nabisco
     Licenses Its
     Oreo Brand to
     Post Cereal
• Brand extension
          extension:
  application of a
  popular brand
  name to a new
  product in an
  unrelated product
  category
   – Example: Utility
     Lighter – A Bic
     Brand
     Extension
• Family brand
           brand:
  brand name that
  identifies several
  related products
  – Heinz
    A well known family
    brand
Brand Naming

Individual names


 Blanket family names


      Separate family names


              Corporate name-
           individual name combo
Reasons for Brand Portfolios

• Increasing shelf presence and retailer
  dependence in the store
• Attracting consumers seeking variety
• Increasing internal competition within
  the firm
• Yielding economies of scale in
  advertising, sales, merchandising, and
  distribution
Brand Roles in a Brand Portfolio



     Flankers      Cash Cows


     Low-end       High-end
    Entry-level    Prestige
Thank You!!!

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Business creating-brand-equity

  • 1. 10 Creating Brand Equity Mr. Ajit Arya Faculty-Marketing Department of Business Studies C. U. Shah College of Engg. & Tech.
  • 2. Chapter Questions • What is a brand and how does branding work? • What is brand equity? • How is brand equity built, measured, and managed? • What are the important decisions in developing a branding strategy?
  • 4. Kerala Tourism has successfully branded the destination with a brand name, logo, and the tagline “God’s Own Country”
  • 5. What is a Brand? A brand is a name, term, sign, symbol or design, or a combination of them, intended to identify the goods or services of one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of competitors.
  • 6. The Role of Brands Identify the maker Simplify product handling Organize accounting Offer legal protection
  • 7. The Role of Brands Signify quality Create barriers to entry Serve as a competitive advantage Secure price premium
  • 8. What is Branding? Branding is endowing products and services with the power of the brand.
  • 9. Advantages of Branding • Consumer’s viewpoint 1. Product quality 2. Increased shopper efficiency 3. Calls attention to new products 4. Reduces psychological risk • Seller’s viewpoint 1. Handling orders, accounting, tracking down problems 2. Trademark identification – legal protection 3. Brand loyalty 4. Reduces need for in-store contact 5. Facilitates segmentation, promotion, and pricing (competitive advantage)
  • 10. What is Brand Equity? Brand equity is the added value endowed on products and services, which may be reflected in the way consumers, think, feel, and act with respect to the brand.
  • 11. Brand Knowledge Thoughts Feelings Knowledge Images Beliefs Experiences
  • 12. Advantages of Strong Brands • Improved perceptions of product • Larger margins performance • More inelastic • Greater loyalty consumer response • Less vulnerability to • Greater trade competitive marketing cooperation actions • Increased marketing • Less vulnerability to communications crises effectiveness • Possible licensing opportunities
  • 13. Apple is a Strong Brand
  • 14. What is a Brand Promise? A brand promise is the marketer’s vision of what the brand must be and do for consumers.
  • 15. Brand Equity Models • Brand Asset Valuator • Aaker Model • BRANDZ • Brand Resonance
  • 16. BAV Key Components Differentiation Energy Relevance Esteem Knowledge
  • 17. Brand Dynamics Pyramid Strong Relationship Bonding Advantage Performance Relevance Presence Weak Relationship
  • 18. Aaker Model Core Identity Brand Identity Elements Extended Identity Brand Essence Elements
  • 20. Drivers of Brand Equity Brand Elements Marketing Activities Meaning Transference
  • 21. Brand Elements Brand names URLs Slogans Elements Logos Characters Symbols
  • 22. Brand Element Choice Criteria • Memorable • Meaningful • Likeability • Transferable • Adaptable • Protectible
  • 23. Slogans • Like a good neighbor, • We try harder State Farm is there • We’ll pick you up • Just do it • Nextel – Done • Nothing runs like a • Zoom Zoom Deere • I’m lovin’ it • Save 15% or more in • Innovation at work 15 minutes or less • This Bud’s for you • Always low prices
  • 24. Designing Holistic Marketing Activities Personalization Integration Internalization
  • 25. Internal Branding • Choose the right moment • Link internal and external marketing • Bring the brand alive for employees
  • 26. Secondary Sources of Brand Knowledge
  • 27. Measuring Brand Equity Brand Audits Brand Tracking Brand Valuation
  • 28. The 10 Most Valuable Brands Brand 2006 Brand Value (Billions) Coca-Cola $67.00 Microsoft $56.93 IBM $56.20 GE $48.91 Intel $38.32 Nokia $30.13 Toyota $27.94 Disney $27.85 McDonald’s $27.50 Mercedes-Benz $22.13
  • 29. Managing Brand Equity Brand Reinforcement Brand Revitalization Brand Crises
  • 30. Interbrand’s Steps in Calculating Brand Equity • Market segmentation • Financial analysis • Role of branding • Brand strength • Brand value calculation
  • 31. Devising a Branding Strategy Develop new brand elements Apply existing brand elements Use a combination of old and new
  • 32. Branding Terms • Brand line • Line extension • Brand mix • Category • Brand extension extension • Sub-brand • Branded variants • Parent brand • Licensed product • Family brand • Brand dilution • Brand portfolio
  • 33. • Line extensions refers to new sizes, styles, or related products – Coca-Cola line extensions
  • 34. • Brand licensing licensing: practice allowing other companies to use a brand name in exchange for a payment – Nabisco Licenses Its Oreo Brand to Post Cereal
  • 35. • Brand extension extension: application of a popular brand name to a new product in an unrelated product category – Example: Utility Lighter – A Bic Brand Extension
  • 36. • Family brand brand: brand name that identifies several related products – Heinz A well known family brand
  • 37. Brand Naming Individual names Blanket family names Separate family names Corporate name- individual name combo
  • 38. Reasons for Brand Portfolios • Increasing shelf presence and retailer dependence in the store • Attracting consumers seeking variety • Increasing internal competition within the firm • Yielding economies of scale in advertising, sales, merchandising, and distribution
  • 39. Brand Roles in a Brand Portfolio Flankers Cash Cows Low-end High-end Entry-level Prestige