5. Schematic representation of a neuron Differentsynaptic arrangements of a neuron : axo-dendritic, B) axo-somatic, C) axo-axonic D) dendro-dendritic.
6. What is neurotransmitter? Neurotransmitter is a substance which is released at the end of a nerve fiber by the arrival of a nerve impulse and by diffusing across the synapseor junction effects the transfer of the impulse to another nerve fiber. (or muscle fiber or some receptor). Neuromodulatorsasopposedtoneurotrasmitters: don't have their own effect, they can only modulate the effect of neurotransmitters. Their actions are slow and can take hours. Their receptors are not always placed in synapses, but on different membranes inside and outside the neuron.
23. Model of a noradrenaline synapse illustrating the presynaptic and postsynaptic events NE – noradrenaline; DA – dopamine; DOPA – 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine AC – adenylylcyclase; AR - adrenergic receptor; DAG - diacylglycerol; IP3 – inositoltriphosphate; PLC – phospholipase C; NET – plasma membrane noradrenaline transporter, VMAT – vesicular monoamine transporter.
34. Model of a serotonin (5-HT) synapse AC – adenylylcyclase; DAG, - diacylglycerol; IPS – inositoltriphosphate; PLC - phospholipase C; SERT – plasma membrane serotonin transporter; VMAT – vesicular monoamine transporter
35. Essentialfeaturesof 5-HT receptorsubtypes 5-HT1A - thiractivationinduces hypothermia, increases food intakeand reduces anxiety 5-HT2A Well-known agonist at these receptors is LSD. All atypical neuroleptics such as clozapine, risperidone, olanzepine act as antagonists of these receptors. 5-HT3 receptors are ionotropic. Theyare best known for their stimulation of transmitter release (DA, NA, ACh, GABA). 5-HT4 –agonists of this receptors are being explored as possible cognitive enhancers. 5-HT5– Many usedinclinicantipsychotic agentsand some antidepressant drugs havehigh-affinity to this receptor where they act as antagonists.
36. Whatdoes 5-HT dointhebrain? 5-HT helps to regulate: mood anxiety sleep body temperature appetite sexual behavior movement intestinal motility cardiovascular function nociception