2. Questions
• What is ISSIP?
• What is a service platform?
• What is service science?
• What is a T-shaped professional?
• How is this related to your work at IBM with universities?
• What are the important future trends you see?
14. IBM University Programs
14
14
Example: Leading Through Connections with…
Universities Collaborate with IBM Research to Design Watson
for the Grand Challenge of Jeopardy !
Assisted in the development of the Open
Advancement of Question-Answering Initiative
(OAQA) architecture and methodology
Pioneered an online natural language question
answering system called START, which provided the
ability to answer questions with high precision using
information from semi-structured and structured
information repositories
Worked to extend the
capabilities of Watson, with a
focus on extensive common sense
knowledge
Focused on large-scale
information
extraction, parsing, and
knowledge inference
technologies
Worked on a visualization component to visually
explain to external audiences the massively parallel
analytics skills it takes for the Watson computing
system to break down a question and formulate a
rapid and accurate response to rival a human brain
Provided technological advancement enabling a
computing system to remember the full
interaction, rather than treating every question like
the first one - simulating a real dialogue
Explored advanced machine learning
techniques along with rich text
representations based on syntactic and
semantic structures for the Watson’s
optimization
Worked on information retrieval
and text search technologies
http://w3.ibm.com/news/w3news/top_stories/2011/02/chq_watson_wrapup.html
21. IBM University Programs
21
Competitive Parity – Achieved.
• The NFL touts parity—the idea
that any team can win on any
given Sunday. But this
year, parity has truly run wild.
• Through six weeks, 11 of the
NFL's 32 teams are 3-3.
• The Journal asked the statistical
gurus of Massey-Peabody
Analytics to run a coin-flip
simulation…
26. IBM University Programs
26
University: Four Missions
• Knowledge
– 1. Transfer (Teaching)
– 2. Creation (Research)
– 3. Application (Benefits)
• Commerce/Entrepreneurship
• Governance/Policymaking
– 4. Re-Integration (Challenge)
• Innovativeness, Equity
• Sustainability, Resilience
• Nested, Networked Holistic Service Systems
– Flows
– Development
– Governance
Nation
State/Province
City/Metro
University
College
K-12
Cultural &
Conference
Hotels
Hospital
Medical
Research
Worker
(professional)
Family
(household)
For-profits
Non-profits
U-BEE
Job Creator/Sustainer
Third Mission (Apply to Create Value)
is about U-BEEs =
University-Based
Entrepreneurial Ecosystems
32. IBM University Programs
32
Measuring Quality-of-Life?
A. Systems that focus on flow of things that humans need (~15%*)
1. Transportation & supply chain
2. Water & waste recycling/Climate & Environment
3. Food & products manufacturing
4. Energy & electricity grid/Clean Tech
5. Information and Communication Technologies (ICT access)
B. Systems that focus on human activity and development (~70%*)
6. Buildings & construction (smart spaces) (5%*)
7. Retail & hospitality/Media & entertainment/Tourism & sports (23%*)
8. Banking & finance/Business & consulting (wealthy) (21%*)
9. Healthcare & family life (healthy) (10%*)
10. Education & work life/Professions & entrepreneurship (wise) (9%*)
C. Systems that focus on human governance - security and opportunity (~15%*)
11. Cities & security for families and professionals (property tax)
12. States/regions & commercial development opportunities/investments (sales tax)
13. Nations/NGOs & citizens rights/rules/incentives/policies/laws (income tax)
0/19/02/7/4
2/1/1
7/6/1
1/1/0
5/17/27
1/0/2
24/24/1
2/20/24
7/10/3
5/2/2
3/3/1
0/0/0
1/2/2
Quality of Life = Quality of Service + Quality of Jobs + Quality of Investment-Opportunities
* = US Labor % in 2009.
“61 Service Design 2010 (Japan) / 75 Service Marketing 2010 (Portugal)/78 Service-Oriented Computing 2010 (US)”
35. IBM University Programs
35
I am nested in at least 10 systems
Level AKA ~No. People ~No. Entities Example
0. Individual Person 1 10,000,000,000 Jim
1. Family Household 10 1,000,000,000 Spohrer’s
2.Neighborhood Street 100 100,000,000 Kensington
3. Community Block 1000 10,000,000 Bird Land
4. Urban-Zone District 10,000 1,000,000 SC Unified
5. Urban-Center City 100,0000 100,000 Santa Clara
6.Metro-Region County 1,000,000 10,000 SC County
7. State Province 10,000,000 1,000 CA
8. Nation Country 100,000,000 100 USA
9. Continent Union 1,000,000,000 10 NAFTA
10. Planet World 10,000,000,000 1 UN
36. IBM University Programs
36
Time
ECOLOGY
~14B
Big Bang
(Natural
World)
~10K
Cities
(Human-Made
World)
sun (energy)
writing
(symbols and scribes,
stored memory
and knowledge)
earth
(molecules &
stored energy)
written laws
(governance and
stored control)
bacteria
(single-cell life)
sponges
(multi-cell life)
money
(governed
transportable value
stored value,
“economic energy”)
universities
(knowledge workers)
clams (neurons)
trilobites (brains)
printing press (books)
steam engine (work)200M
bees (social
division-of-labor)
60
transistor
(routine
cognitive work)
Evolution of Natural Systems & Service Systems
Unraveling the mystery of evolving hierarchical-complexity in new populations…
To discover the world’s architectures and mechanisms for computing non-zero-sum
38. IBM University Programs
38
•iPhone/iPad app developer
•wireless marketing director
•microfinance infrastructure designer
•3D content developer for movies, TV
•social network manager
•deploying technology into the cloud
•organic solar cell development
•digital image management
Many top in-demand jobs in 2011 did not exist in 2005!
38
39. IBM University Programs
39 39
U.S Department of Labor
estimates that today’s learner
will have 10-14 jobs…
by the age of 38!
40. IBM University Programs
40
Estimates are 85% of the jobs today’s learners will be doing
haven’t been invented yet
they'll be using technologies that don't exist
to solve problems we don't yet know are problems
40
45. IBM University Programs
45
A Smarter Planet is built from smarter
service systems…
INSTRUMENTED
We now have the ability to
measure, sense and see
the exact condition of
practically everything.
INTERCONNECTED
People, systems and objects
can communicate and
interact with each other in
entirely new ways.
INTELLIGENT
We can respond to changes
quickly and accurately,
and get better results
by predicting and optimizing
for future events.
WORKFORCE
PRODUCTS
SUPPLY CHAIN
COMMUNICATIONS
TRANSPORTATION BUILDINGS
IT NETWORKS
54. IBM University Programs
54
54
Identifies entrepreneurs developing
businesses aligning with our Smarter Planet
vision.
SmartCamp finalists raised more than
$50m and received significant press in
Wall Street Journal, Forbes and
Bloomberg
in
Healthcare SmartCamp kickstart - Miami - May 15, 2012
Apply by April 27th
SmarterCities SmartCamp kickstart - New York - May 24, 2012
Apply by May 3rd
North America Regional SmartCamp - Boston - June 20 & 21, 2012
Apply by May 25th
apply now at www.ibm.com/isv/startup/smartcamp
Exclusive Networking and
Mentoring event
North America SmartCamp lead: Eric Apse, eapse@us.ibm.com
University Programs lead: Dawn Tew, dawn2@us.ibm.com
Notas do Editor
I was recently asked the following questions:- What is ISSIP?- What is a service platform?- What is service science?- What is a T-shaped professional?- How is this related to your work at IBM with universities?- What are the important future trends you see?Here are my initial answers:- What is ISSIP?ISSIP = the International Society of Service Innovation ProfessionalsISSIP is pronounced I-ZIPISSIP was founded by industry and academic collaborators to promote service innovations for an interconnected world.AmmarRayes, a Cisco DE, is the founding President of ISSIP.Charlie Bess, an HP Fellow, is the founding Vice President of ISSIP.Jeff Welser, Director IBM Almaden Service Research, is the VP elect for ISSIP.I am one of the founding Board members, as well as chair of the ISSIP SIG Education and Research.ISSIP SIG Education and Research aims to increase the quantity and quality of service science related courses and degree programs.ISSIP SIG Education and Research aims to increase the number of T-shaped service innovators in business and society.- What is a service platform?A service platform has the reach to places and entities to scale the benefits of new knowledge globally and rapidly.IBM’s Watson natural language and question answering capability will become available for smart phone app developers as a service platform.Watson specializes in ranking queries that related semantic classes and instances, so for the classes “Explorers” and “Dates” - the instance “Columbus” is highly correlated with “1492″ and less so with “1506″ and “1451″.IBM Smarter Cities Intelligent Operations Center is a service platform for scaling business solutions that improve the performance of urban regions.IBM itself can be viewed as a service platform for scaling businesses and solutions with some 120 acquisitions in the last ten years alone.Pharmaceutical companies be viewed as service platforms for scaling the benefits of new molecules.Franchises are service platforms for scaling the benefits of new knowledge globally and rapidly.Cities with high use airports can become negative-service platforms when they scale human viruses negative consequences globally and rapidly.- What is service science?ISSIP embraces the service-dominant-logic definition of service.Service is defined, not as the tertiary economic sector, but more generally as the application of knowledge for mutual benefits.Service innovations scale the benefits of new knowledge, globally and rapidly (and for businesses profitably).Service innovations includes technology platforms (e.g., smart phones), organizational platforms (e.g., franchises) and others platforms for scaling.Service science is the rigorous study of service systems and value co-creation phenomena, both collaborative and competitive mechanisms.Value co-creation is a kind of win-win outcome – for example, when customers build their own furniture they can get higher quality components, but lower costs.Performance measures of service systems include quality, productivity, compliance, and innovativeness.Types of service systems entities include people, businesses, universities, cities, states, and nations.Performance measures of a service ecology include resilience, sustainability, competitive parity, and quality-of-life (learning rates & knowledge burden).- What is a T-shaped professional?T-shaped professionals have both depth and breadth.An I-shaped professional may be an expert, but lacks skills for interacting with other disciplines, sectors, and/or regions/cultures.Pi-shapes and M-shapes have depth in two or three areas, but most employees today are I-shapes.An organization or nation with more T-shapes is more likely to have higher performance teamwork as well as more boundary spanning innovations.The T-shaped metaphor has been used for at least a couple decades, but ISSIP is working on making the concept more rigorous.- How is this related to your work at IBM with universities?At IBM I helped start IBM’s Venture Capital Group, Service Research area in IBM Research, and now run IBM’s University Programs worldwide.IBM University Programs is concerned with the 6 R’s – research, readiness (skills), recruiting, revenue (universities are like small cities), responsibility, and regions.Part of IBM Smarter Planet strategy is to help universities increase the quantity and quality of start-ups (Smart Camps).IBM also wants to help start-ups scale up globally and rapidly.Universities are the most important drivers of innovation in a knowledge economy, and more and more startups come from universities.Many businesses instead of hiring a student with a new degree, would rather hire that same student after they have entrepreneurial experience, even if the start-up failed.Most start-ups fail, but they create T-shaped people – which is what businesses want to improve performance of teams and boundary spanning innovations.IBM acquires about one company a month for last ten years (see the IBM M&A wikipedia page)By one estimate, 2/3 of these acquisitions started in a university-based entrepreneurial ecosystem.SSME (Service Science Management and Engineering), Smarter Planet, Big Data Analytics, Data Science, Smarter Cities, and Urban Science – are all related.IBM University Programs uses the 6 R’s to advance IBM’s Smarter Planet strategy, and increase the number of T-shaped innovators.- What are the important future trends you see?We have identified a number of important technological trends: self-driving cares, cities that recycle their water, manufacturing as a local recycling service using robots and 3D printers, artificial leaf to solve energy shortages long term, Watson and Cognitive computing for smarter machines and systems, rapid building construction and recycling, social business for retail and hospitality, crowd-funding and gamification in finance, robotic surgery and 3D printed organs in medicine, challenge-based entrepreneurial learning, smart governance that balances improve strongest-line and improve weakest link policies.Some of the answers are also embedded in the following presentation:http://www.slideshare.net/spohrer/ibm-smarter-planet-strategy-20130524-v5
- What is ISSIP?ISSIP = the International Society of Service Innovation ProfessionalsISSIP is pronounced I-ZIPISSIP was founded by industry and academic collaborators to promote service innovations for an interconnected world.AmmarRayes, a Cisco DE, is the founding President of ISSIP.Charlie Bess, an HP Fellow, is the founding Vice President of ISSIP.Jeff Welser, Director IBM Almaden Service Research, is the VP elect for ISSIP.I am one of the founding Board members, as well as chair of the ISSIP SIG Education and Research.ISSIP SIG Education and Research aims to increase the quantity and quality of service science related courses and degree programs.ISSIP SIG Education and Research aims to increase the number of T-shaped service innovators in business and society.
- What is a service platform?A service platform provides access to places and entities to scale the benefits of new knowledge globally and rapidly.IBM’s Watson natural language and question answering capability will become available for smart phone app developers as a service platform.Watson specializes in ranking queries that related semantic classes and instances, so for the classes “Explorers” and “Dates” - the instance “Columbus” is highly correlated with “1492″ and less so with “1506″ and “1451″.IBM Smarter Cities Intelligent Operations Center is a service platform for scaling business solutions that improve the performance of urban regions.IBM itself can be viewed as a service platform for scaling businesses and solutions with some 120 acquisitions in the last ten years alone.Pharmaceutical companies be viewed as service platforms for scaling the benefits of new molecules.Franchises are service platforms for scaling the benefits of new knowledge globally and rapidly.Cities with high use airports can become negative-service platforms when they scale human viruses negative consequences globally and rapidly.
- What is service science?ISSIP embraces the service-dominant-logic definition of service.Service is defined, not as the tertiary economic sector, but more generally as the application of knowledge for mutual benefits.Service innovations scale the benefits of new knowledge, globally and rapidly (and for businesses profitably).Service innovations includes technology platforms (e.g., smart phones), organizational platforms (e.g., franchises) and others platforms for scaling.Service science is the rigorous study of service systems and value co-creation phenomena, both collaborative and competitive mechanisms.Value co-creation is a kind of win-win outcome – for example, when customers build their own furniture they can get higher quality components, but lower costs.Performance measures of service systems include quality, productivity, compliance, and innovativeness.Types of service systems entities include people, businesses, universities, cities, states, and nations.Performance measures of a service ecology include resilience, sustainability, competitive parity, and quality-of-life (learning rates & knowledge burden).
- What is a T-shaped professional?T-shaped professionals have both depth and breadth.An I-shaped professional may be an expert, but lacks skills for interacting with other disciplines, sectors, and/or regions/cultures.Pi-shapes and M-shapes have depth in two or three areas, but most employees today are I-shapes.An organization or nation with more T-shapes is more likely to have higher performance teamwork as well as more boundary spanning innovations.The T-shaped metaphor has been used for at least a couple decades, but ISSIP is working on making the concept more rigorous.=======From I to T to Pi-shapes … and beyond! IBM needs graduates who can work on multidisciplinary, multisector, multicultural teams… T-shapes have depth and breadth … Disciplines from computer science to marketing to social sciences to arts & humanitiesSectors from transportation to energy to healthcare to governmentCultures from US to Europe to China to India to Latin America to Africa to Middle East and more!!
- How is this related to your work at IBM with universities?At IBM I helped start IBM’s Venture Capital Group, Service Research area in IBM Research, and now run IBM’s University Programs worldwide.IBM University Programs is concerned with the 6 R’s – research, readiness (skills), recruiting, revenue (universities are like small cities), responsibility, and regions.Part of IBM Smarter Planet strategy is to help universities increase the quantity and quality of start-ups (Smart Camps).IBM also wants to help start-ups scale up globally and rapidly.Universities are the most important drivers of innovation in a knowledge economy, and more and more startups come from universities.Many businesses instead of hiring a student with a new degree, would rather hire that same student after they have entrepreneurial experience, even if the start-up failed.Most start-ups fail, but they create T-shaped people – which is what businesses want to improve performance of teams and boundary spanning innovations.IBM acquires about one company a month for last ten years (see the IBM M&A wikipedia page)By one estimate, 2/3 of these acquisitions started in a university-based entrepreneurial ecosystem.SSME (Service Science Management and Engineering), Smarter Planet, Big Data Analytics, Data Science, Smarter Cities, and Urban Science – are all related.IBM University Programs uses the 6 R’s to advance IBM’s Smarter Planet strategy, and increase the number of T-shaped innovators.
Why service scientists are interested in universities…. They are in many ways the service system of most central importance to other service systems…Graph based on data from Source: http://www.arwu.org/ARWUAnalysis2009.jspAnalysis: Antonio Fischetto and Giovanna Lella (URome, Italy) students visiting IBM AlmadenDynamicgraphybased on Swissstudents work:http://www.upload-it.fr/files/1513639149/graph.htmlUS isstill “off the chart” – China projected to be “off the chart” in lessthan 10 years: US % of WW Top-RankedUniversities: 30,3 % US % of WW GDP: 23,3 %CorrelatingNation’s (2004) % of WW GDP to % of WW Top-Ranked UniversitiesUS isliterally “off the chart” – butincluding US make high correlationevenhigher: US % of WW Top-RankedUniversities: 33,865 % US % of WW GDP: 28,365 %
http://www.bls.gov/emp/ep_chart_001.htmhttp://theeconomiccollapseblog.com/archives/student-loan-debt-hell-21-statistics-that-will-make-you-think-twice-about-going-to-collegePosted below are 21 statistics about college tuition, student loan debt and the quality of college education in the United States....#1 Since 1978, the cost of college tuition in the United States has gone up by over 900 percent.#2 In 2010, the average college graduate had accumulated approximately $25,000 in student loan debt by graduation day.#3 Approximately two-thirds of all college students graduate with student loans.#4 Americans have accumulated well over $900 billion in student loan debt. That figure is higher than the total amount of credit card debt in the United States.#5 The typical U.S. college student spends less than 30 hours a week on academics.#6 According to very extensive research detailed in a new book entitled "Academically Adrift: Limited Learning on College Campuses", 45 percent of U.S. college students exhibit "no significant gains in learning" after two years in college.#7 Today, college students spend approximately 50% less time studying than U.S. college students did just a few decades ago.#835% of U.S. college students spend 5 hours or less studying per week.#950% of U.S. college students have never taken a class where they had to write more than 20 pages.#1032% of U.S. college students have never taken a class where they had to read more than 40 pages in a week.#11 U.S. college students spend 24% of their time sleeping, 51% of their time socializing and 7% of their time studying.#12 Federal statistics reveal that only 36 percent of the full-time students who began college in 2001 received a bachelor's degree within four years.#13Nearly half of all the graduate science students enrolled at colleges and universities in the United States are foreigners.#14 According to the Economic Policy Institute, the unemployment rate for college graduates younger than 25 years old was 9.3 percent in 2010.#15One-third of all college graduates end up taking jobs that don't even require college degrees.#16 In the United States today, over 18,000 parking lot attendants have college degrees.#17 In the United States today, 317,000 waiters and waitresses have college degrees.#18 In the United States today, approximately 365,000 cashiers have college degrees.#19 In the United States today, 24.5 percent of all retail salespersons have a college degree.#20 Once they get out into the "real world", 70% of college graduates wish that they had spent more time preparing for the "real world" while they were still in school.#21Approximately 14 percent of all students that graduate with student loan debt end up defaulting within 3 years of making their first student loan payment.http://www.citytowninfo.com/career-and-education-news/articles/georgetown-university-study-shows-a-bachelors-degree-in-stem-pays-off-11102002About 65 percent of individuals with bachelor's degrees in STEM subjects commanded greater salaries than those with master's degrees in non-STEM fields, according to a Georgetown press release. Likewise, 47 percent of college graduates with bachelor's degrees in STEM fields earn higher wages than those with doctoral degrees in non-STEM subjects.
Edu-Impact.Com: Growing Importance of Universities with Large, Growing EndowmentsRecently visited Yang building at StanfordOne of the greenest buildings on the planetBut if it does not evolve in 20 years it will not be the greenest buildingVisited supercomputers – we have two at IBM Almaden – there was a time they were in the top 100 supercomputers in the world – not any more ….So a Moore’s law of buildings is more than cutting waste in half every year, it is also about the amount of time it takes to structural replace the material with newer and more modern materials that provide benefits…
What are the largest and smallest service system entities that have the problem of interconnected systems?Holistic Service Systems like nations, states, cities, and universities – are all system of systems dealing with flows, development, and governance.=============\\Nations (~100)States/Provinces (~1000)Cities/Regions (~10,000)Educational Institutions (~100,000)Healthcare Institutions (~100,000)Other Enterprises (~10,000,000)Largest 2000>50% GDP WWFamilies/Households (~1B)Persons (~10B)Balance/ImproveQuality of Life, generation after generationGDP/CapitaQuality of ServiceCustomer ExperienceQuality of JobsEmployee ExperienceQuality of Investment-OpportunitiesOwner ExperienceEntrepreneurial ExperienceSustainabilityGDP/Energy-Unit% Fossil% RenewableGDP/Mass-Unit% New Inputs% Recycled Inputs
The Up-Skill CyclePeople flow through the system of entities… As they flow they are upskilled….Entities:Mature IBM Business Unit: From mature-business unitAcquired-IBM Business Unit: From IBM “acquired company” business unitUniversity: From university roleVenture: From venture that spun off from a universityOther: None of the aboveOne possible pathA long-time IBMer is in an IBM business unit doing, say “finance”The IBMer’s business unit receives the 5% annual budget cutThe IBMer moves to a new IBM acquisition to help the new acquisition adopt/learn IBM finance proceduresAfter that the IBMer moves to a university as an IBMer on CampusThe IBMer might work in a department/discipline, in the university incubator, or a university start-up, or even be a student at the universityEventually the IBMer signs up to be pat of a new venture that is spinning off from the universityThe new venture is aligned with IBM via HW, SW, or other IBM offerings/strategyIBM helps scale up the new venture globalIBM might decide to acquire the new ventureThe IBM in the acquired new venture helps the new venture become a high growth business unit of IBMAfter the new IBM business unit asymptotes on revenue and profit improves, it has become a mature business unitNow the IBMer is back in a mature business unit, and the cycle repeats…A long-time IBMer is in an IBM business unit doing, say “finance”The IBMer’s business unit receives the 5% annual budget cutTransitions:Self-loop IBMer stays in mature business unitIBMer transitions from mature business unit to a newly acquired IBM acquisitionIBMer transitions from mature business unit to a university roleIBMer transitions from mature business unit to a new venture that spun off from a universityIBMer transitions from mature business unit to an entity not mentioned above (some where else)
Big Data in business has grown over 60 years from ~10MB to 100PB or a billion times :MB -> GB -> TB –> PB All that Big Data from 1950 can easily be handled by one person’s smart phoneService science is now taught in over 500 universities that we know of and probably at least 2x more that we don’t know about…The number of service science conferences and service science related journals has also expanded
From IBM Christopher BishopGlobally interconnectedData from embedded devicesDriving new and evolving business models