INTRODUCCION A LA QUIMICA ORGANICA, ESTUDIANTES GRADO 11 , ESTRUCTURA DEL CARBONO , PROPIEDADES, ALCANOS, ALKENOS , ALKINOS , ALCOHOLES, ETERES , AMINAS, CLASIFICACION DE ACUERDO A LA FORMA , EN ACICLICOS, ALICICLICOS ALIFATICOS.
et
Can include double and triple bonds
Hydrocarbon Compound with only carbon and hydrogen
2. What is Organic Chemistry?
• Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds.
– Organic compounds have carbon AND hydrogen
– Carbon Dioxide is NOT organic
• The versatility and stability of carbon’s molecular
structures provides the enormous range of
properties of its compounds.
• Carbon can bond to other carbons
– Reason for the degree of structural complexity
3. Skills To Master
• Differentiating alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes
• Differentiating saturated and unsaturated
compounds
• Differentiating natural polymers and
manmade polymers
• Recognizing common pharmaceuticals
5. Ridiculous Complexity
Palytoxin – made by species
of some species of seaweed
and coral
Synthesized by Kishi, et. al.
at Harvard in 1994
6. Organic Chemistry
• Carbon
– Has 4 valence electrons
– Makes 4 covalent bonds to fill its octet
• Can include double and triple bonds
– Hydrocarbon
• Compound with only carbon and hydrogen
8. Organic Materials
• Addition to previous notes
– Before, it was stated that covalent compounds
were mostly liquid/gas at room temp
– This is primarily for binary compounds (2
elements)
– More complicated structures can be solid at room
temp
9. General Formulas
• Alkanes
– Contains only single bonds
– Cx H2x+2
• Alkenes
– Contains at least one double bond
• Alkynes
– Contains at least one triple bond
• Alkenes and Alkynes are more reactive than
alkanes
10. Saturation
• Saturated: a carbon chain contains as many
hydrogens as possible.
• Saturated compounds contain only single C-H
bonds. Alkanes are saturated.
• Unsaturated means that a carbon chain
contains at least one multiple (double or
triple) bond.
– Alkene = double bond
– Alkyne = triple bond
12. Structure and Physical Properties
• Larger molar mass = higher boiling point
– Bigger compound – higher boiling point
Methane
16 g/mol
-161.5oC
Ethane
30 g/mol
-88.6oC
Propane
44 g/mol
-42.1oC
Butane
58 g/mol
-0.5oC
13. Petrochemicals
• Simple, small hydrocarbons are
petrochemicals
– Chemicals isolated from crude oil (petroleum)
• Octane – used in gasoline
• Propane – used in grills, heaters, etc.
• Butane – lighter fluid