Lecture 01 (ICT)

1. INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION
AND COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGIES
SYED MUHAMMAD RAFI
LECTURER, DEPARTMENT OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY,
ZIAUDDIN UNIVERSITY

2. • MS (Computer Science) from Federal Urdu University
(FUUAST) in 2014.
Area of expertise; Computer Vision and
Digital Image Processing.
• Served as Lecturer in FUUAST, SIMT, Preston, Newports
and Indus Public College.
• Hands on experience of programming in ;
C and C++ languages, Python and Matlab.
 Research Paper published in ICICTT 2013 conference on
Face Recognition (url:icictt.ictt.info/publications/AI_paper8.pdf)
Personal profile

3. COURSE INTRODUCTION
 Course Code: CS-107
 Course Title: Introduction to Info. & Comm.
Tech.
 Credit Hours: 2+1 (Theory + Lab)

4. COURSE DESCRIPTION
 This course focuses on a breadth-wise
coverage of computer science discipline,
introducing computing environments, general
application software, basic computing hardware,
operating systems, desktop publishing, Internet,
software applications and tools and computer
usage concepts; Introducing Software
engineering and Information technology within
the broader domain of computing, Social issues
of computing.

5. COURSE OBJECTIVES
 A clear understanding of computers and
computing environment
 Developing sufficient knowledge for all the
concerned domains of computer science like
software engineering and information
technology
 Development and readiness of understanding
for more advanced courses like networks,
operating systems, database management,
algorithms in the upcoming semesters with a
brief overview of their contents

6. COURSE STRATEGY
 No pre-requisites (any students coming from
any background can easily grasp the
contents)
 However, you need to understand each and
every concept clearly and undoubtedly as
that would be your foundation.

7. COURSE GRADING
 Quizzes----------------------10
 Assignments----------------10 50(SEMESTER WORK)
 Mid-Term Examination—30
 Final Examination----------50
 Lab Exams-------------------50 (individual head)
 Note: You will have to get 50% passing marks
separately i.e. 25 marks from Semester Work of 50
marks and 25 marks from 50 marks of final
examination to fully qualify to pass the course.
 50% marks are require to pass Lab exams

8. ATTENDANCE AND PREPARATIONS
 Attendance is mandatory and 80%
attendance is required to get eligible for final
examination.
 Students are expected to come well
prepared before lecture

9. COURSE OUTLINE - HEC
 Number Systems
 Binary numbers
 Boolean logic
 History of computer system
 Basic machine organization
 Von Neumann Architecture
 Algorithm definition, design, and implementation
 Programming paradigms and languages
 Graphical programming
 Overview of Software Engineering
 Information Technology
 Operating system
 Compiler
 Computer networks
 Internet
 Computer graphics
 AI
 Social and legal issues

10. RECOMMENDED BOOKS
 Computer: Information Technology in Perspective
by Larry Long and Nancy Long, Latest edition.
 Introduction to Computers by Peter Norton,
McGraw-Hill, Latest edition
 An Invitation to Computer Science, Schneider and
Gersting, Brooks/Cole Thomson Learning, Latest
edition.
 Computer Science: An overview of Computer
Science, Sherer, Latest edition.

11. Lecture 01
Introduction

12. A WORLD OF COMPUTERS
 Computers are everywhere

13. COMPUTER
 An electronic device, operating under the control of
instruction, stored in its own memory, that can
access data (input), process the data according to
specified rules, produce information and store in
the information for future use.

14. WHAT IS A COMPUTER?
 A computer is a machine that receives data as Input,
process that data according to a prescribed sequence
of instructions and produces output.
Collects
data
(input)
Processing
Produces
information
(output)
Information Processing Cycle

15. WHAT IS A COMPUTER?

16. COMPUTER VS HUMAN
 Input - Five senses
 Central Processing Unit (CPU) - brain
 Output - Body Parts
 Memory - Human memory
 Hardware
 Physical components
 Software
 Programs for operations and problem
solving

17. COMPUTER
 Modern computers are digital
 Two digits combine to make data
 Older computers were analog
 A range of values made data
 Computer categories in Several ways:
 One person use or group of peoples use
 By power (Speed at which they operate and the
types of tasks)
 Within single category, subcategorized in:
 By price, Types of Hardware they contain
and kinds of software they can run, and so
on.

18. CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTER
 Automatic: Once instructed, operate without human
intervention
 Speed: Can perform 1012 basic arithmetic/ logical
operations per second.
 Accuracy: If instructed accurately it never produce
inaccurate results, however, if errors occurs they are result
of thinking of programmer or incorrect input often called
Garbage-In-Garbage-Out (GIGO)
 Diligence: No matter how much boring the task is for
humans, if computer programmed accurately, it never gets
bore or lose concentration during the execution of a task.

19. CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTER
 Versatility: A general purpose computer perform versatile
task.
 Memory: Computer can remember data and information for
years and make them readily available whenever required.
 No. IQ: Most important if ever your program go wrong, it is
NEVER the fault of computer as it has no IQ. It cannot do
anything at its own.
 No Feelings: It has no feelings. It can only remember
without like or dislike. Although the work in AI is progressing
to make intelligent machines but goal is still far.

20.  Computers can
be shared by
multiple users
but can be used
by only one
person at a time.
COMPUTERS FOR INDIVIDUAL USE

21.  Six primary types of Personal Computers
(PCs)
 Desktop computers
 Workstations
 Notebook/Laptop computers
 Tablet Computers
 Handheld computers
 Smart Phones
COMPUTERS FOR INDIVIDUAL USE

22.  Although PCs are used by individuals,
they also can be connected together to
create networks.
COMPUTERS FOR INDIVIDUAL USE

23.  The most common type of computer
 Sits on the desk or floor
 Performs a variety of tasks
 You see all around you in schools, home and
offices
DESKTOP COMPUTERS

24.  Different design types
 Desktop Model
 Tower model
DESKTOP COMPUTERS

25.  Specialized single-user computers
 Optimized for science or graphics
 More powerful than a desktop
WORKSTATIONS

26.  Small portable computers
 Weighs between 3 and 8 pounds
 About 8 ½ by 11 inches or 14 to 16 inches
NOTEBOOK/LAPTOP COMPUTERS

27. TABLET COMPUTERS
 Newest development
in portable
computers
 Input is through
a stylus or digital pen
 Run specialized
versions of office
products
 Some models have a
fold-out keyboard
 Some models can be
connected to a
keyboard and a full-
size monitor

28.  Palm computer
 Very small computers
 Personal Digital Assistants (PDA)
 Note taking or contact management
 Data can synchronize with a desktop
HANDHELD PCS

29.  Smart phones
 Hybrid of cell phone and PDA
 Web surfing, e-mail access, special software (i.e.
personal organizers), or special hardware (i.e.
digital camera/Music players) everything
SMART PHONES

30.  Some computers handle needs of
many users at the same time.
 These powerful systems are used by
organizations such as businesses or
schools
 Commonly found at the heart of the
organization network
 Network servers
 Mainframe computers
 Minicomputers
 Supercomputers
COMPUTERS FOR ORGANIZATIONS

31.  Network servers
 Centralized computer
 All other computers connect
NETWORK SERVERS

32.  Provides access to network resources
 Multiple servers are called server farms
 Often simply a powerful desktop: Google
 Flexibility to different kinds of tasks
 Users use the Internet as a means of connecting
even if away from the offices.
NETWORK SERVERS

33. MAINFRAMES
 Used in large organizations
 Handle thousands of users
 Users access through a terminal
 Large and powerful systems

34.  Called midrange computers
 Power between mainframe
and desktop
 Handle hundreds of users
 Used in smaller
organizations
 Users access through a
terminal
MINICOMPUTERS

35. SUPERCOMPUTERS
 The most powerful computers made
 Handle large and complex calculations
 Process trillions of operations per second
 Found in research organizations

36.  More impact than any other invention
 “Computers have changed our world” or
“Computers have changed the way we do”
 Changed work and leisure activities
 Used by all demographic groups
 Computers are important because:
 Provide information to users
 Information is critical to our society
 Managing information is difficult
COMPUTERS IN SOCIETY

37.  Like the Impact of automobile
IMPACT OF COMPUTERS

38.  As varied as users
 For disabled person
 For a sales professional
 For a researcher
BENEFITS OF USING COMPUTERS

39.  Many homes have
multiple computers
 Most Pakistani homes
have Internet
 Computers are used
for
 Communication (e-
mail)
COMPUTERS AT HOME

40.  Computers are used for
 Business
 Entertainment
 Schoolwork
 Finances
COMPUTERS IN SOCIETY

41.  Computer literacy required at all levels
 More and more schools are adding computer
technology to their curricula
 Educators see computer technology as an
essential learning requirement for all students,
starting as early as preschool
COMPUTERS IN EDUCATION

42.  Makes businesses more profitable
 Allows owners to manage and grow their
companies
COMPUTERS IN SMALL BUSINESS

43.  Computers in industry
 Computers are
used to design
products
 Assembly
lines are
automated
COMPUTERS IN INDUSTRY

44.  Necessary to track data for population
 Police officers
 Tax calculation and collection
 Governments were the first computer users
COMPUTERS IN GOVERNMENT

45.  Revolutionized health care
 New treatments possible
 Scheduling of patients has improved
 Delivery of medicine is safer
COMPUTERS IN HEALTH CARE

46. POTENTIAL COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
 Information Management
 Personal Productivity
 Communication
 Science, Research, and Engineering
 Education and Reference
 Entertainment & Edutainment
 Energy
 Business and E-commerce
 Money
 Agriculture
 Training
 Health and Medicine
 Robotics

47. Type Components Physical
Size and
Capacity
Cost Usage
Microcomputer All components in
a single unit
Smallest Cheapest At homes, in schools
and offices
Minicomputer Several functional
units
Small Cheap In universities, medium-
sized companies,
departments of large
companies
Mainframe
computer
Several separate
units
Large Expensive In large organizations,
universities,
government
Supercomputer Several separate
units
Largest Most
expensive
In scientific research,
weather forecasting,
space exploration,
military defense
ALL ABOUT TYPES OF COMPUTER

48. SUMMARY
 Course Outline
 What is a computer?
 Comparison of Computer with Human
 Computer for individual use (personal
computers)
 Characteristics of Computer
 Computer in Society
 Types of Computer (By size only)
48