This slide notes to the m pharm QA factor act and rules

1. P R POTE PATIL COLLEGE OF PHARMACY,
AMRAVATI
PRESENTED BY
MANOHAR S. KASDEKAR
FACTORY ACT AND RULES
M PHARM (QA) SEM -II

2. FACTORY ACT AND RULES
 INITIATION
 In Great Britain, the second half of the 18th
century, there was a rapid growth of industrial
towns & factories.
 As it was started without planning, they employed
the women as well as their children in factories
who needed to work for more than 12 hours a day.
 Some of the employees took initiative to
implement labour legislations: Factories Act came
into existence in 1819.
 After some modifications, the final amended of
Factories Act took place in 1948.

3. FACTORY ACT IN INDIA
In India, the First factories Act was passed in
1881. This Act was basically designed to protect
children and to provide few measures for health
and safety of the workers. This law was
applicable to only those factories, which
employed 100 or more workers.
In 1891 another Factories Act was passed which
extended to the factories employee 50 or more
workers.

4. FACTORIES ACT INCLUDE
 Health
 Safety Welfare
 Working hours of adults
 Annual leave wages

5. OBJECTIVES
The main objectives of the Indian Factories Act, 1948.
 To regulate the working conditions in factories,
 To regulate health,
 Safety welfare,
 Annual leave and
 Enact special provision in respect of young persons, Women and children
who work in the factories.

6. FUNDAMENTALS OF ACCIDENT PREVENTION
Accident – An accident is an unplanned,
unforeseen and undesirable occurrence
which interrupts a normal activity and
which results in either an injury, loss of
life, damage to material, equipment or
facility or any combination of these.

7. BASIC ACTIVITIES
Successful accident prevention requires a minimum of four fundamental
activities:
a) A study of all working areas to detect and eliminate or control physical
hazards which contribute to accidents.
b) A study of all operating methods and practices.
c) Education, instruction, training and discipline to minimize human factors
which contribute to accidents.
d) Thorough investigations of accidents to determine contributing
circumstances.

8. TYPICAL UNSAFE ACTS
The majority of unsafe acts of persons may be assigned to one or more of
the following classifications:
a) Failure to follow instructions or a proper job procedure.
b) Failure to use available personal protective equipment such as gloves,
goggles, hard hats.
c) Failure to wear safe personal attire.
d) Failure to secure or warn.
e) Improper use of equipment.

9. PHYSICOCHEMICAL MEASUREMENTS OF EFFLUENTS
Effluent is an out flowing of water from a natural body of water, or from a man-made
structure. Water pollution or waste water discharge from the industrial facilities.
REASON OF TESTING
To find out,
 Pollution load
 Presence of toxic ingredients
 Colour, turbidity, odour and quality of water-pH and acidity / alkalinity Suspended
solids and dissolved solids-Phenolic compounds and oily materials

10. GUIDELINES FOR TESTING EFFLUENTS
Samples may be collected at specific intervals
and finally can be mixed before analysis.
Containers made up of glass, polythene or any
suitable plastic material may be used. Samples
may also be refrigerated to avoid loss of volatile
matter
Samples could be preserved after adjusting the
pH, O2, CO2, CO may be estimated

11. TESTING RESULTS ARE REPORTED AS FOLLOWS
 Effluents may be expressed as mg/ltr, ppm, %/ltr, and mcg/ltr.
 Acidity/Alkalinity/Oil/Grease/CN/Phenol/Dyes content should be
reported
Testing of waste water (effluent)

12. BIOLOGICAL OXYGEN DEMAND(BOD)
It is the amounts of oxygen required by micro organisms to bio
chemically oxidize carbonaceous organic matter at 20°C in 5 days. 10
mg/litre or less. Excess makes water toxic
Measurement:
Special designed bottle with flared cap Incubated at 20°C for 5 day
measuring DO
Microorganism added if required
Dissolved oxygen in ppm (mg/ltr) = N (V) (8) (1000)/ V1
V = Volume of sodium thiosulphate required
N = Normality
V I= Volume of sample taken

13. CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND(COD)
 Oxygen equivalent of organic matter present in waste water that is susceptible
to oxidation Waste water sample is refluxed with a known excess of pot.
Dichromate in a 50% sulphuric acid solution in presence of silver sulphate and
mercuric sulphate
 The organic matter of the sample is oxidised to water, carbon dioxide and
ammonia. The excess of dichromate remaining untreated in the solution is
titrated against
 standard ferrous ammonium sulphate
COD (mg/l) = (V1-V2) x N x 8 x100/X
V1 = Volume of ferrous ammonium sulphate solution consumed in blank
V2 Volume of ferrous ammonium sulphate solution consumed for test solution
X= Volume of sample taken
N= Normality of ferrous ammonium sulphate solution

14. DETERMINATION OF SOME CONTAMINANTS
Determination of contaminants involves use of following methods
Liquid chromatography
Mass Spectroscopy
NMR Spectroscopy

15. EFFLUENT TREATMENT PROCEDURE
A process to convert wastewater which is water no longer needed or suitable for its most
recent use into an effluent that can be either returned to the water cycle with minimal
environmental issues or reused Physical, chemical, and biological processes are used to
remove contaminants and produce treated wastewater (or treated effluent) that is safer
for the environment.
CONCEPT OF ETP:-
Effluent treatment Plant covers the mechanisms and processes used to treat such waters
that have been contaminated in some way by anthropogenic industrial or commercial
activities prior to its release into the environment or its re-use. This effluent contains
several pollutants, which can be removed with the help of an effluent treatment plant.
ETP treat water and make free from all objectionable impurities present in suspension

16. WHY THERE IS A NEED TO TREAT EFFLUENT?
 To prevent groundwater pollution
 To prevent sea shore pollution
 To prevent soil pollution To protect marine life
 To Protect of public health
NEED OF ETP IN INDUSTRY
A wastewater treatment help them to: Stay in compliance
 Reduce transportation and off-site treatment costs.
 Reduce supply costs by recovering production materials out of the waste-stream for re-
use.
 Eliminate unnecessary water usage during processing.

17. ROLE OF EMERGENCY SERVICES
 An emergency is a situation that poses an immediate risk to health, life, property, or
environment.
 An emergency is not a disaster in itself, but an event requiring an immediate response.
 Emergency services and rescue services are organizations which ensure public safety
and health by addressing different emergencies.

18. THE EMERGENCY CONTROL ORGANIZATION IS RESPONSIBLE FOR:
Implementing emergency procedures as prescribed in the Emergency Plan &
Procedures.
 Ensuring that all personnel within their area of responsibility are trained for their role
in an emergency.
 Reporting any matters likely to affect the viability of the Emergency Plan &
Procedures.
 Checking on the effectiveness of emergency systems and equipment

19. Thank you