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o r g a n i z a t i o n a l  b e h a v i o r Foundations of Individual Behavior
Foundations of Individual Behavior
Ability, Intellect, and Intelligence Ability An individual’s capacity to perform the various tasks in a job Intellectual Ability The capacity to do mental activities Multiple Intelligences Intelligence contains four subparts: cognitive, social, emotional, and cultural
Dimensions of Intellectual Ability ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Physical Abilities Physical Abilities The capacity to do tasks demanding stamina, dexterity, strength, and similar characteristics.
Nine Physical Abilities ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Biographical Characteristics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Ability- Job Fit Ability-Job Fit Employee’s Abilities Job’s Ability Requirements
Learning ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Learning Any relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of experience.
Theories of Learning ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Classical Conditioning A type of conditioning in which an individual responds to some stimulus that would not ordinarily produce such a response.
 
Theories of Learning (cont’d) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Operant Conditioning A type of conditioning in which desired voluntary behavior leads to a reward or prevents a punishment.
Theories of Learning (cont’d) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Social-Learning Theory People can learn through observation and direct experience.
Theories of Learning (cont’d) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Shaping Behavior Systematically reinforcing each successive step that moves an individual closer to the desired response.
Types of Reinforcement ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Schedules of Reinforcement Continuous Reinforcement A desired behavior is reinforced each time it is demonstrated. Intermittent Reinforcement A desired behavior is reinforced often enough to make the behavior worth repeating but not every time it is demonstrated.
Schedules of Reinforcement (cont’d) Fixed-Interval Schedule Rewards are spaced at uniform time intervals. Variable-Interval Schedule Rewards are initiated after a fixed or constant number of responses.
Schedules of Reinforcement (cont’d) Fixed-ratio
Behavior Modification ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],OB Mod The application of reinforcement concepts to individuals in the work setting.
OB MOD Organizational Applications ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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2. individual behavior

  • 1. o r g a n i z a t i o n a l b e h a v i o r Foundations of Individual Behavior
  • 3. Ability, Intellect, and Intelligence Ability An individual’s capacity to perform the various tasks in a job Intellectual Ability The capacity to do mental activities Multiple Intelligences Intelligence contains four subparts: cognitive, social, emotional, and cultural
  • 4.
  • 5. Physical Abilities Physical Abilities The capacity to do tasks demanding stamina, dexterity, strength, and similar characteristics.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8. The Ability- Job Fit Ability-Job Fit Employee’s Abilities Job’s Ability Requirements
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.  
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16. Schedules of Reinforcement Continuous Reinforcement A desired behavior is reinforced each time it is demonstrated. Intermittent Reinforcement A desired behavior is reinforced often enough to make the behavior worth repeating but not every time it is demonstrated.
  • 17. Schedules of Reinforcement (cont’d) Fixed-Interval Schedule Rewards are spaced at uniform time intervals. Variable-Interval Schedule Rewards are initiated after a fixed or constant number of responses.
  • 18. Schedules of Reinforcement (cont’d) Fixed-ratio
  • 19.
  • 20.