The document summarizes key concepts in cell biology related to enzymes. It defines important terms like metabolism, enzyme, substrate, and coenzyme. It describes the roles of enzymes in biochemical reactions and factors that affect their activity, such as pH, temperature, substrate concentration, and inhibitors. Lastly, it discusses experimental design and the scientific method.

18. Electron Carriers in Cellular Respiration NAD (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) NAD+ functions in cellular respiration by carrying two electrons from one reaction site to another. NAD + + 2H NADH + H + It oxidizes its substrate by removing two H atoms. One of the H atoms bonds to the NAD+. The electron from the other H atom remains with the NADH molecule but the proton ( H +) is released. NAD+ becomes reduced to NADH. NADH can transfer 2 electrons (one of them is a H atom) to another molecule. For those chemists out there…..

21. See following graph of Time vs. Energy Level .

30. Dehydration Synthesis of Monomers

31. Hydrolysis of a Polymer

34. Enzymatic Reaction with a Co-enzyme:

42. Interpreting pH vs. Rate of Enzyme Activity graphs :

49. Interpreting Temperature vs. Rate of Enzyme Activity graphs : 37

50. Temperature Vs. Time for O 2 Production

53. [Substrate]

54. Interpreting Substrate Concentration vs. Rate of Enzyme Activity graph:

56. [Enzyme]

62. Competitive Inhibitor

66. Inhibitor Effects on Rate of Reaction

71. Interpreting Time of Addition of Heavy Metals vs. Rate of Enzyme Activity/ Amount of Product graph:

73. Enzyme Activity Labs One molecule of catalase can break 40 million molecules of hydrogen peroxide each second. No wonder so many bubbles!!!

74. Review

75. Which line represents an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?

86. Effects of Thyroxin on Metabolism

90. Feedback loop

96. Cretinism