International Seaweed Symposium: Genetic diversity is being lost at a fast pace
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Genetic diversity is being lost at a fast pace — seaweeds are no exception. The giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, forms vast underwater forests in both hemispheres and is a key species for ecosystem functioning. But this species is also a commodity product. M. pyrifera is harvested for its chemical compounds (e.g. alginates) and for feedstock (e.g. abalone). In the past 5 years, some companies tried newfarming techniques to boost biomass production for biofuel conversion. But the lack of sustainable management can lead to genetic erosion and deg- radation of livelihoods. In this talk Dr Sara Barrento discusses a possible solution.
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International Seaweed Symposium: Genetic diversity is being lost at a fast pace
- 1. Germplasm banking of the giant kelp: our biological insurance in a changing environment Sara Barrento CIIMAR Portugal Swansea University, UK Carolina Camus I~MAR, Chile Isabel Sousa-Pinto CIIMAR Rortugal Alejandro Buschmann I~MAR, Chile
- 2. EastWest FARMINGHARVESTING CATCH UP The drivers: Biofuels IMTA
- 4. Saccharina japonica Ye et al. 2015; Shan et al. 2011; Zhang et al.2015 PorpHyra tenera Niwa et al. 2009 Eucheuma and Kappaphycus Halling et al. 2013 Gigartina skottsbergii Faugeron et al. 2004 Gracilaria chilensis Guillemin et al. 2008 Genetic Diversity loss in farmed seaweeds
- 5. Production decline after 3 years Pathogens Epiphytes Herbivores
- 6. Lacks of sustainable harvesting alongside a sustainable domestication program
- 7. The seaweed aquaculture industry relies in the serial sub-culture of restricted germplasm banks Saccharina cultivars farmed in China, have a low genetic diversity because of a restricted germplasm base; and continuous selfing (Ye et al. 2015).
- 8. We need a Bioinsurance 11th of March of 2011, the aquaculture of U. pinnatifida along the Sanriku Coast was almost completely destroyed by the tsunami that hit Japan
- 9. To create a germplasm bank for 3 different populations of the giant kelp in the coast of Chile and assess its viability after 5 years in suspended state aim
- 11. 2010 2011 2015 2012 Sample of all populations: North, Centre & South, stocked individually by sex in controled conditions 10°C; 2-4 μmol m-2s-1; in Provasoli Viability check based on morphology and pigments how?
- 13. up to 54% VIABLE
- 15. not related with stocking duration VIABILITY depends on genetic population 2010 2011 2012 50 % viable in the Centre 6 % viable in the South 2012
- 16. so what? Unique bank in the world Efficient method to preserve gametophytes up to 5 years Stocking individuals by sex allows future genetic improvement
- 17. so what? conservation purposes population restocking aquaclture management toxicological research gameogeneses studies Gametophytes can also be used for:
- 18. now what? We need to Develop efficient protocols Cold storage seems to be efficient Standardize viability methods & storage duration Sufficient quantities
- 19. Acknowledgements Portugal FCT CIIMAR Chile UK Swansea University Universidad de Los Lagos CeBib
- 20. Thank you Sara Barrento s.i.barrento@swansea.ac.uk http://algaewales.wordpress.com