1. F2037 - PROGRAMMING
FUNDAMENTAL WITH C++
Unit 4.2 - Understand the use of structures

2. INDEX
 Objective
 Introduction to Structures
 Declare structure variable
 Assign and access values of structure variable
 Array of structure
 Write program using structures

3. OBJECTIVES
 At the end of this module, students should:
 Declare and use structure variable
 Identify the difference between structures and array
 Use array in structure

4. INTRODUCTION
 Array can be used to store and process large
amount of similar data.
 However, it is limited as does not allow to store
and manipulate dissimilar data items.
 Structure can be used to store and manipulate
dissimilar data items.

5. INTRODUCTION TO STRUCTURE
 Structure is a collection of related data items
stored in one place and referenced under one
name.
 Each data item do not have to be the same type.
struct student
{
char id [5];
char name [18];
char gender[10];
int age;
};

6. INTRODUCTION TO STRUCTURE
Id
Name
Gender
age

7. STRUCTURE DECLARATION
 Used struct keyword
 The variable in a structure are called structure
elements or members
 Syntax
struct <structure name>
{
<struct member>;
};

8. STRUCTURE DECLARATION

9. EXERCISE
 Create a struct named car with structure
member type and year

10. struct car
{
char type[10];
int year;
};

11. DECLARING STRUCTURE VARIABLE
 First method
struct student
{
char id [ 5 ];
char name [ 18 ];
char gender[10];
int age;
} stud_1, stud_2; variable

12. DECLARING STRUCTURE VARIABLE
 Second method
struct student
{
char id [ 5 ];
char name [ 18 ];
char gender[10];
int age;
}; variable
struct student stud_1, stud_2;

13. ASSIGN & ACCESS THE STRUCTURE
 A structure element can be accessed and
assigned a value by using the structure variable
name, the dot operator and the element’s name.
 For example;
 stud_1.name = “Miriam”;
 stud_1.age = 21;

14. EXAMPLE
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
struct student
{
char id[10];
char name[25];
int age;
};
void main()
{
struct student stud1 = {"123","Ani",12};
cout<<"Student id: "<<stud1.id<<endl;
cout<<"Student name: "<<stud1.name<<endl;
cout<<"Student age: "<<stud1.age<<endl;
}

15. #include<iostream>
using namespace std;
struct student
{
char id[10];
char name[25];
int age;
}stud1={"123","Ani",12};
void main()
{
cout<<"Student id: "<<stud1.id<<endl;
cout<<"Student name: "<<stud1.name<<endl;
cout<<"Student age: "<<stud1.age<<endl;
}

17. #include<iostream>
using namespace std;
struct student
{
char id[10];
char name[25];
int age;
}stud1;
void main()
{
cout<<"enter your id:";
cin.getline(stud1.id,10);
cout<<"enter your name:";
cin.getline(stud1.name,25);
cout<<"enter your age:";
cin>>stud1.age;
cout<<"nDisplay result"<<endl;
cout<<"your id is:"<< stud1.id<<endl;
cout<<"your name is:"<< stud1.name<<endl;
cout<<"your age is:"<< stud1.age<<endl;
}

18. EXERCISE
 Write a program to declare a structure named
parent with structure member name and age.
 Create two structure variable named father and
mother . Assign these two variable with the value
name of your father and mother and their age.
 Display all of these value

19.  Write a program to declare a structure named
parent with structure member name and age.
#include<iostream.h>
struct parent{
char name[25];
int age;
};

20.  Create two structure variable named father and
mother . Assign these two variable with the value
name of your father and mother and their age.
#include<iostream.h>
struct parent{
char name[25];
int age;
};
void main(){
struct parent father={"Ngadengon", 73};
struct parent mother={"Satirah", 66};
}

21.  Display all of these value
#include<iostream.h>
struct parent{
char name[25];
int age;
};
void main(){
struct parent father={"Ngadengon", 73};
struct parent mother={"Satirah", 66};
cout<<"Father:"<<father.name<<" Age:"<<father.age;
cout<<"nMother:"<<mother.name<<" Age:"<<mother.age;
}

23. ARRAY OF STRUCTURE
struct student
{
char id [5];
char name [18];
char gender[10];
int age;
};
struct student stud [2];

24. #include<iostream>
using namespace std;
struct student
{
char id[10];
char name[25];
int age;
}stud1[2];
void main()
{
for(int i=0;i<2;i++){
cout<<"nenter your id:";
cin>>stud1[i].id;
cout<<"enter your name:";
cin>>stud1[i].name;
cout<<"enter your age:";
cin>>stud1[i].age;
}
cout<<"nDisplay result"<<endl;
for(int x=0;x<2;x++){
cout<<"your id is:"<< stud1[x].id<<endl;
cout<<"your name is:"<< stud1[x].name<<endl;
cout<<"your age is:"<< stud1[x].age<<endl;
}
}

25. SUMMARY
 struct is a reserved keyword
 Members of struct can also be functions,
including constructors and destructors.
 Member of struct by default are public.