Apache is the most widely used web server, with over 65% market share. It supports multiple modules for processing requests in different ways, and allows virtual hosting of multiple websites from one server. Key configuration files are located in /etc/httpd, and the daemon runs from /usr/sbin/httpd. Virtual hosting can be configured through name-based or port-based virtual hosts in the httpd.conf file. Apache also supports modules for PHP, databases like MySQL and PostgreSQL, and technologies like Mono for ASP.NET on Linux.

1. Linux ..some more
advanced concepts :)

2. Apache - An Overview
● Most widely used web server
on the planet
● Created by the creators of
http protocol
● Over 65% market share
● New protocol (waka) is
coming up – Apache 3.0

3. Apache – Features
● Multiple MPM
– Prefork – Spawn process before they needed
– Worker – For pure multi-threaded applications
– Event – New, for multi-threaded applications
● Dynamic Module Loading
– No need for recompilation, run time extensibility
● Virtual Hosting
– Multiple web site on a single IP

4. Apache - Basics
Packages : httpd, httpd-devel
Start-up Script : /etc/init.d/httpd
Configuration Files : /etc/httpd/*, /var/www/*
Ports : 80 (http), 443 (https)
Daemon : /usr/sbin/httpd

5. Apache - Basics
Main Config File : /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
Additional Modules : /etc/httpd/conf.d/*
Document Root : /var/www/html

6. Apache - Howto
● Installing apache
● Basic Configuration
● Enable / Disable Modules
● Start / Stop / Monitor the web server
● Configure PHP
● Configure a test server with PHP and Apache

7. Virtual Hosting
Types of virtual hosts How to configure
# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
– Name based
NameVirtualHost *:80
– Port Based
<VirtualHost *:80>
– Port Based
DocumentRoot /tmp/example.com
ServerName server.example.com
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost *:80>
DocumentRoot /tmp/test.com
ServerName server.test.com
</VirtualHost>

8. Mono
● An open Source C#
and .NET development
environment for Linux
● mod_mono : Apache
2.0/2.2 module that
provides ASP.NET
support for the web's
favorite server, Apache.

9. Other web servers
● Lighttpd
● Mongrel
● Yaws

10. Reverse Proxies
● Used for
● Caching
● Security
● Encryption
● Load Distribution
● Examples
● Nginx
● Varnish
● Squid

11. Databases
● Installing MySQL
● Create a database
● Install management
tools – phpMyAdmin
● Install PostgreSQL
● Create a database
● Install management
tools – phpPgAdmin

12. noSQL
● Not an RDBMS
● No Table Schema
● No joints
● Very High Scalability – Horizontal
● Used in high performance parallel computing
● Examples
- Big Table, CouchDB, Cassandra,
MongoDB

13. Types of file systems
● Disk File Systems
- Ext4, Ext3, ZFS, NTFS
● FUSE – File System in User Space
- SSHFS, GlusterFS
● Distributed / Parallel File Systems
- Luster, Google FS, Hadoop, MogileFS
● Cluster File Systems
- GFS, OCFS, GPFS, CFS

14. Working on remote Server
● Ssh (secure shell)
● Configure ssh server
● Automatic login
● Secure copy of files
● Remote command execution
● Rsync
– Sync files between hosts
– Widely used for backup

15. Cloud Computing
What is cloud computing
– You will get “Everything” As A Service
– Pay as per usage
– Dynamic Elasticity and Scalability
– High availability
Major Players
– Amazon
– RackSpace
Open Source Initiatives
– Open Stack
– Eucalyptus
– Open Nebula

16. Virtualization
What is Virtualization
Running multiple “instances” of OSs on a single machine
Types of virtualization
Full virtualization
Para virtualization
Advantages of virtulaization
Effective resource usage
Manageability
TCO

17. Linux Industry adoption
● 99% of the Cloud platforms runs on Linux
● By 2014 Cloud will be a USD 10 Billion Business
● Mobile Application
● Andriod – Will dominate all other competition in coming future
(Gartner Survey)
● All mission critical application
● Banking and Finance
● Military
● Space
● Agriculture
● Health

18. Careers In Linux
As a programmer
● Java, Python, C, C++, Perl, SCALA, Ruby
● MapReduce, Hyper Tables
As Administrator, Architect etc
● Certification
– Red Hat (RHCE, RHCSS, RHCA)
– Novell (CLP, CLE)
– LPI (Level - 1, Level – 2, Level - 3)

19. Questions?
Ask at www.iwillstudy.com/forum