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- 2. The Liver • Digestive function produces bile • Hepatocytes secrete 800–1000 of bile per day
- 3. The Gallbladder • pear-shaped sac • posterior of liver • 3-4 in. long • stores and concentrate the bile produced by the liver (up to tenfold) • releases bile into the duodenum of small intestine • fat release of cholecystokinin (CCK) gallbladder contraction bile secretion
- 5. The Bile Components: • cholesterol • bile salts • bile pigments (e.g. bilirubin) • phospholipids (e.g. lecithin) • water and body salts (Na+, K+) • small amounts of copper and other metals
- 6. The Bile • Yellowish brownish or olive-green liquid • Can pass directly from liver into duodenum or • Stored in the gallbladder (fasting state) • Alkaline to neutralize the acidic chyme (pH 7.6-8.6) • Function: Emulsifying agent – dietary fat fat droplets
- 7. How we degrade cholesterol • 500 mg cholesterol converted to bile acid/day • As bile salt and bile acid excreted in feces – Bile acid- cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid – Bile salt- bile acid conjugated with taurine/glycine • Secretion in the bile transported into intestine and eliminated
- 8. SYNTHESIS OF BILE SALTS
- 9. Where does the bile go?
- 10. Liver Bile canaliculi Bile ducts Common hepatic duct Common bile duct Pancreatic duct Hepatopancreatic ampulla Duodenum
- 12. References • Digestive Disorders Health Center (2010). WebMD. [Online]. Available at: http://www.cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/The-Liver-and- Gallbladder.topicArticleId-277792,articleId-277768.html [Accessed 11 October 2012]. • The Liver and Gallbladder (n.d.) CliffsNotes. [Online]. Available at http://www.cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/The- Liver-and-Gallbladder.topicArticleId-277792,articleId- 277768.html [Accessed 11 October 2012]. • Champe PLEASE PAKI CITE NG MAAYOS KASI EBOOK UNG AKIN. Wala sya nung front page part. Thanks (222-24)
Notas do Editor
- In the concentration process, water and ions are absorbed by the gallbladder mucosa.The presence of fat in the duodenum stimulates the release of cholecystokinin (CCK), which causes contraction of the gallbladder and secretion of bile through the cystic duct, common bile duct, and into the duodenum.
- Bile salts (bile acids conjugated with taurine/glycine)BILIRUBIN is a brownish yellow substance found in bile. It is produced when the liver breaks down old red blood cells. Bilirubin is then removed from the body through the stool (feces) and gives stool its normal brown color.
- ALKALINITY:As bile flows through the bile ducts it is modified by addition of a watery, bicarbonate-rich secretion from ductal epithelial cells.FUCNTIONS: Emulsification of lipid aggregates: Bile acids have detergent action on particles of dietary fat which causes fat globules to break down or be emulsified into minute, microscopic droplets, increasing the surface area upon which fat-digesting enzymes (lipases) can operate. Solubilization and transport of lipids in an aqueous environment: Bile acids are lipid carriers and are able to solubilize many lipids by forming micelles - aggregates of lipids such as fatty acids, cholesterol and monoglycerides - that remain suspended in water. Bile acids are also critical for transport and absorption of the fat-soluble vitamins.
- Bile salts are synthesized in the liver from cholesterol by reactions that hydroxylatethe steroid nucleus and cleave the side chain. In the first reaction, an -hydroxyl group is added to carbon 7 (on the side of the B ring). The activity ofthe 7 -hydroxylase that catalyzes this rate-limiting step is decreased by bile salts
- Bile is secreted from liver into the bile canaliculi, which empty into bile ducts. Bile ducts from the various lobules merge and exit the liver as a single common hepatic duct. The common hepatic duct merges with the cystic duct from the gallbladder to form the common bile duct, which in turn merges with the pancreatic duct to form the hepatopancreaticampulla. This last duct delivers the bile to the duodenum.
- Diagram ofenterohepatic circulationDiscuss nalangung pathway ng release ng bile hanggangsareabsorptionnyasa ileum ng small intestines. Nasachampeito, page 223