1. Non-woven and Woven
Non-woven Fabrics
Non-woven is one of the application of fiber construction. Non-woven is produced directly without any
intermediate step of yarn production. The fibers are either bonded or interlocked by means of mechanical
or thermal action or by using an adhesive or solvent. The mechanical action or thermal action is also
known as dry process. Whereas, the adhesive or solvent are also means by wet process. The orientation of
non-woven fiber is oriented randomly or preferentially in one or more directions. The non-woven fiber is
the simplest stages of construction, as they are flat, porous sheets that are made directly from separate
fibers or from molten plastic or plastic film. In addition, they are not made by weaving or knitting and do
not require converting the fibers to yarn.
The average pore size is depending on the density of fiber as well as the average of fiber diameter.
Usually, the non-woven fabrics are mostly used in tissue engineering scaffolds. There are four types of
non-woven manufacturing, which include resorbable nonwovens, microsphere nonwovens, aerodynamic
nonwoven production and needle loom. Non-woven materials are nowadays mainly produced from man-
made fibers. Two synthetic polymers dominate the market: polypropyleneand polyesters (mainly PET).

2. Characteristics of Non-Woven Fabric
Absorbable
Liquid repellent
Resilient
Stretchable
Soft.
Good strength of fabric
Fire or flame retardant
Washable
Applications of nonwoven fabric
Disposable diapers
Sterile wraps, caps, gowns, masks and draping used in the medical field
Laundry aids (fabric dryer-sheets)
Apparel interlining
Carpeting and upholstery fabrics, padding and backing
Wall coverings
Automotive headliners and upholstery
Insulation
Roofing products
Civil engineering fabrics/geotextiles

3. Manufacturing Process
Nonwovens are manufactured by putting small fibres together in the form of a sheet or web which is
similar to paper on a paper machine, and then binding them either mechanically as in the case of felt, by
interlocking them with serrated needles such that the inter-fibre friction results in a stronger fabric, with
an adhesive, or thermally by applying binder in the form of powder, paste, or polymermelt and melting
the binder onto the web by increasing temperature. However, the process of manufacturing are depends
on two different types of nonwoven fiber.
Staple non-wovens
Spin the fiber
Cut to a few
centimeters length
and put into bales.
Disperse the bales
on a conveyor belt

4. Spunlaid non-wovens
Spin the fibers
Disperse in a
web by
deflectors

5. Woven Fabrics
Is classified by its textile configuration where the primary structural yarns are oriented at 90 o to each
other. The machine direction is called warp direction, whereas the cross direction is called filling or weft
direction. When we talk about its orthogonal relationships between warp and filling, they display long
elongation and high breaking strength in both directions.
There are three types of woven construction:
 plain weaves
 twill weaves
 satin weaves
The woven graft can be designed as follows:

6. Characteristics of woven fabric
low elasticity
soft
absorbable
resilient
High density variation
washable
Resistant to shrinking
dry quickly
Strong and durable
Applications
Generally suitable uses for fashion uses such as jackets, trousers, canvas, pants and dresses due to its
properties that have good dimensional stability and higher tenacity

7. Manufacturing Process
Warp and Weft
The warp is woven first, then the weft is woven through its fibers creating a solid piece of
fabric.
Yarn Preparation
Size the yarn. he finished warp, wound on a wooden beam, then loomed by feeding it stand-
by-stand through the reeds and heddles.
Shedding
Select fibers to be raised.
Picking
The shuttle moves across the loom and back. Filling yarn is wound onto a quill, then
Sometimes occurs at a rate of 150 and 160 released from a hole in the shuttle
picks per minute. The machine performs multiple times
Battening
holding down the filling yarn against the completed warp of the fabric, which must be
maintained even as looms operate at top speed

9. References
http://www.ehow.com/info_8666146_manufacturing-process-woven-fabrics.html
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_Properties_of_woven_fabrics
http://www.fabrics-manufacturers.com/non-woven-fabric.html
http://www.apparelsearch.com/definitions/Fabric/non-woven_definition.htm