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1. Linux
Administration
Quontra Solutionsonline Training with Placement support
Call us: 404-900-9988
Email: info@quontrasolutions.com
WEBSITE: www.quontrasolutions.com

2. Basic about Linux
• What is Linux ?
-Linux is an open source, freely distributable Unix like
operating system that uses Linux kernel .
• What is Kernel ?
- Kernel is the program acting
as chief of operations.
• Is Linux Free?
-Yes, Linux is one of the most prominent examples of free and open
source software collaboration.

3. Installation of Linux
Methods of installing Linux:
• FTP:-This is one of the earliest methods for performing network
installations.
• HTTP:-The installation tree is served from a web server.
• NFS:-The distribution tree is shared/exported on an NFS server.
• SMB:- This method is relatively new, and not all distributions
support it. The installation tree can be shared on a Samba server or
shared from a Windows box.
• From the Optical Media

4. • Username Field :
• Password Field :
• User-ID Field (UID):
• Group-ID Field (GID):
• GECOS:
• Directory:
• Shell:
Managing User Account

5. • Under Linux, every file and program must be owned by a user.
Each user has a unique identifier called a user ID (UID).
• Each user must also belong to at least one group, a collection of
users established by the system administrator.
• Users may belong to multiple groups. Like users, groups also have
unique identifiers, called group IDs (GIDs).
• The /etc/passwd file stores the user’s login, encrypted password
entry, UID, default GID, name (sometimes called GECOS), home
directory, and login shell.
Managing User Account

6. File System of Linux
A file system is a
data structure
which interprets
the physical
sector of a disc
into logical
directory
structure. The
logical structure
will help
computers and users
to trace files. The file
system registers the
location of the files
and directories on the
disc .

7. Network Configuration
 The ifconfig program is primarily responsible for setting up
network interface cards (NICs).
 All of its operations can only be performed through
command-line options, as its native format has no menus or
graphical interface.
 Multiple IP address can be assigned for single NIC.
 Network configuration file stores in /etc/sysconfig/network-
scripts/ifcfg
 Global Parameter configuration file stores in
/etc/sysconfig/network.

8. Network Configuration File
• DEVICE=eth1
• BOOTPROTO=none
• HWADDR=00:12:79:9E:DC:0B
• ONBOOT=yes
• TYPE=Ethernet
• DHCP_HOSTNAME=rcciit.com
• USERCTL=no
• PEERDNS=yes
• IPV6INIT=no
• IPADDR=192.168.250.24
• NETMASK=255.255.255.0
• GATEWAY=192.168.250.21

9. DHCP
• DHCP provides a method for hosts on a network to request,
and be granted, configuration information including the
addresses of router and nameservers.
• DHCP forwarding agents allow clients to receive addresses
from a server which is not located on the same network
segment.
• IP addresses are either dynamically assigned from a range or
pool of addresses or statically assigned by MAC address.

10. Service Profile: DHCP
• Packages: dhcp
• Daemons: dhcpd
• Script: dhcpd
• Ports: 67(bootps), 68(bootpc)
• Configuration: /etc/dhcpd.conf
/var/lib/dhcp/dhcpd.leases
• Related: dhclient
• Sample configuration provided under : /usr/share/doc/dhcp - <version>

11. DHCP Configuration File
• global definitions
• ddns-update-style none; # turn off DDNS updates
• option domain-name “example.com” ; # domain name given to client
• option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.254;
• default-lease-time 21600; # seconds till expire
• max-lease-time 43200; # maximum lease time
• subnet 192.168.10.0 netmask 255.255.255.0
• {
• option routers 192.168.10.20; # local gateway
• option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; # local subnet mask
• # Range configuration DHCP
• range 192.168.10.21 192.168.10.100;
• # static configuration for each host BOOTP
• host station1
• {
• hardware ethernet 00:a0:cc:3d:0b:39;
• fixed-address 192.168.10.39;
• }
• }

12. FTP
• FTP configuration file stores in /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
• Default User(Anonymous) can access only /var/ftpG
• Generally used to transfer single with proper authentication
from previously configured sender’s folder to reciver’s folder

13. FTP Configuration File
• anonymous_enable=YES
• anon_upload_enable=YES
• /etc/vsftpd/ftpusers ==> denied access
• /etc/vsftpd/user_list ==> userlist_enable=YES
• userlist_deny=YES/NO

14. Telnet
• Telnet is a network protocol used on the Internet or local area
networks to provide a bidirectional interactive text-oriented
communications facility using a virtual terminal connection.
User data is interspersed in-band with Telnet control
information in an 8-bit byte oriented data connection over
the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP).
• Telnet can not restrict a user after connection to the host has
made, (i.e a user telnetting to a remote host can totally access
the host computer if he logged in as a root)

15. Network File System/Service
• The Network File System (NFS) was developed to allow
machines to mount a disk partition on a remote machine as if
it were a local disk. It allows for fast, seamless sharing of files
across a network.
• Exported directories are defined in /etc/exports
• Each entry specifies the hosts to which the filesystem is
exported plus associated permission and options

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