Continued review of case usage, first declension, and personal verb endings; be verbs in English and Latin; new vocab

1. Latin I / Intro to Latin A study of the Latin language and the history, culture, and geography of ancient Rome

2. Conversational Latin Salve: Greetings! Hi! (to one person) Salvete: Greetings! Hey y’all! (plural) Vale: Farewell! Goodbye! (to one person) Valete: Farewell! Bye y’all! (plural)

3. Give the plural of… antenna larva formula amoeba nebula vertebra alga

4. Give the plural of… antenna larva formula amoeba nebula vertebra alga antennae larvae formulae amoebae nebulae vertebrae algae

6. ārum

7. īs

8. ās

10. am- ā Nom Gen Dat Acc Abl

11. Decline “girl”

12. Decline “farmer”

13. Decline “daughter”

14. Verbs – Personal Endings Singular 1st 2nd 3rd Plural - mus - tis - nt 1st 2nd 3rd - ō - s - t or - m

15. Conjugate “call”

16. Conjugate “love”

17. Conjugate “give”

19. The boy poked his mother’s eye with his finger. Nom Gen Dat Acc Abl

20. The boy poked his mother’s eye with his finger. Nom Gen Acc Abl

21. I donated money to the firefighters’ fund by means of a check. Nom Gen Dat Acc Abl

22. Dat Gen I donated money to the firefighters’ fund by means of a check. Nom Acc Abl

23. With a megaphone, the band’s director called instructions to the band. Nom Gen Dat Acc Abl

24. Abl Nom Gen Dat With a megaphone, the band’s director called instructions to the band. Acc

25. FEATHER CHALLENGE Use “feather” or “feathers” in 5 English sentences so you have one sentence to illustrate each case. Give the correct Latin form of feather for each sentence.

26. The mask’s feathers tickled my nose. Nominative Plural pinnae Case & Number: Latin word:

27. Quills were popular pens because the hollow shaft of the feather acted as an ink reservoir. Genitive Singular pinnae Case & Number: Latin word:

28. The worker applied soap to the bird’s feathers to remove the oil. Dative Plural pinnīs Case & Number: Latin word:

29. The man collected feathers for his headdress. Accusative Plural pinnās Case & Number: Latin word:

30. The girl tickled the boy with a feather. Ablative Singular pinnā Case & Number: Latin word:

31. Be Verbs The verb “To be” is said to be the most protean word of the English language, constantly changing form, sometimes without much of a discernible pattern.

32. What does PROTEAN mean? Proteus was a Greek god of the sea. Like the sea, he could change his form – a lion, a serpent, a tree, running water.

33. What does PROTEAN mean? When Aristaeus needed an answer from Proteus, he had to grab him and hold on to him no matter what form he took. Eventually, Proteus got tired and gave him the answer he needed.

34. Ummm…so what does it mean? protean: able to change frequently or easily; versatile So the verb “to be” changes frequently, it is hard to get hold of.

35. To Be – Present Tense I am You are He/she/it is We are You (pl) are They are

36. To Be – Past Tense I was You were He/she/it was We were You (pl) were They were

37. sum, esse: to be I am: sum You are: es He/she/it is: est We are: sumus You (pl) are: estis They are: sunt

38. Be Verb vs Personal Endings Singular 1st 2nd 3rd Plural - mus - tis - nt 1st 2nd 3rd - ō - s - t or- m sum es est sumus estis sunt

39. To Be In English, be verbs can be used as “helpers” to another verb, in passive constructions, or stand alone as a verb.

40. To Be – Helping Verb She paints a picture. no be verb She is painting a picture.

41. To Be – Helping Verb He punched the boy. no be verb He was punching the boy.

42. To Be – Helping Verb There is no “helping” be verb in Latin. The subtlety of difference in meaning is conveyed in their use of 6 tenses.

43. To Be – Passive Verbs The boy kicked the ball. active verb – subject performs the verb action The ball was kicked by the boy. passive verb – subject receives the verb action

44. To Be – Passive Verbs The girl cut the yarn. active verb – subject performs the verb action The yarn was cut by the girl. passive verb – subject receives the verb action

45. To Be – Passive Verbs There is no be verb in passive constructions in Latin. Instead, personal endings on the action verb are changed to indicate the passive translation.

46. To Be – Stand Alone I am your teacher. The boys are happy. The girl is beautiful. Our vacation was fantastic! Hector is not here this morning.

47. To Be – Stand Alone No action is being performed – the be verb just links the subject and the predicate. You do use be verbs for this reason in Latin!

48. Which of the following sentences would use sum, esse? I am talking to you. You are my friend. She was hit by a foul ball. She is an accountant. The baby was having a temper tantrum. The farmer is not a poet. I was helped by a passing motorist.

49. Which of the following sentences would use sum, esse? I am talking to you. You are my friend. She was hit by a foul ball. She is an accountant. The baby was having a temper tantrum. The farmer is not a poet. I was helped by a passing motorist.

50. New Vocab aqua, aquae, F: Ītalia, Ītaliae, F: lavō, lavāre, lāvī, lautus: natō (1): patria, patriae, F: Rōma, Rōmae, F: servō (1): stō, stāre, stetī, status: terra, terrae, F: toga, togae, F: via, viae, F: vīta, vītae, F: Water Italy Wash Swim Country Rome Preserve, save guard Stand Land, earth Toga Way, road Life

51. Translate these sentences with be verbs. I am a poet. You are a farmer. The sailor’s daughter is not a sailor. We are scribes. You are (female) servants. The women are servants. The servant and the queen are women.

52. Translate these sentences with be verbs. I am a poet. You are a farmer. The sailor’s daughter is not a sailor. We are scribes. You are (female) servants. The women are servants. The servant and the queen are women. Sum poeta. Es agricola. Fīlianautae non estnauta. Sumusscribae. Estisservae. Fēminaesuntservae. Serva et rēgīnasuntfēminae.