1st declension case endings; personal endings for verbs; more 1st Decl and 1st Conj vocabulary; translation practice

1. Latin I /Intro to Latin A study of the Latin language and the history, culture and geography of Ancient Rome

2. Noun Endings Noun endings vary to indicate: Number – singular or plural Case – function in the sentence. The pattern of endings is determined by: Gender – Masculine, Feminine, Neuter Declension – 1st through 5th

3. Noun Stem The stem of a noun is the word without its case ending. puell / a(stem) (nominative singular ending) puell / ae(stem) (genitive singular ending)

4. Cases Nominative – subject and predicative nominative Genitive – possession Dative – indirect object Accusative – direct object (also with some prepositions) Ablative – from/with/in or by (with or without prepositions) LATER LATER

5. Genitive – possession (English) The daughter of the queen calls a servant. The queen’s daughter calls a servant. Nom Gen Acc Gen Acc Nom

6. Dative – Indirect Object (English) The poet gives roses to the girl. The poet gives the girl roses. Nom Acc Dat Dat Nom Acc

7. Ablative – Means or Instrument (English) The sailors fight by means of feathers. The sailors fight with feathers. Nom Abl Abl Nom

8. 1stDecl Endings

9. Puella Declined puella, puellae, F, girl Stem = puell

10. AAAACKKKK!!!!!!!! Some of these endings are the exact same!

11. How do I know which Case & Number it is? What are these words? bow read wind fish CONTEXT

12. Verbs Change to Reflect the Following: Person Number Tense Voice Mood 1st (I, we), 2nd (you), 3rd (he, she, it, they) Singular or plural For now think present, past, and future Active: Subject performs the verb action. (The girl kicks the ball.) Passive: Subject receives the verb action. (The ball is kicked by the girl.) Worry about this later. 95% of first year Latin is Indicative mood.

13. VERBS There are 4 conjugations (families) of verbs in Latin. Each has its own pattern of indicators for Person, Number, Tense, Voice, and Mood.

14. Verbs Four principal parts of a verb

15. Verbs For vocabulary you must memorize the four principal parts and the meaning. First conjugation nouns end in –ō for the first principal part and –āre for the second principal part. Most first conjugation verbs are regular, so you only need to memorize the first two principal parts if the last two follow the pattern.

16. Verbs The stem of a verb is the infinitive with the –re dropped. vocō, vocāre, vocāvī, vocātus (1):to call vocā / re(stem) (Note: This is the present stem and is used for the first 3 tenses. When we get to the other tenses, we’ll talk about the other stem.)

17. Verbs Endings for 1st Conjugation Verbs ***The final “a” disappears!

18. Verbs Present Active Indicative of vocō, vocāre, vocāvi, vocātus: to call

19. Verbs There does not have to be a subject to agree with the verb. It can be assumed. Vocat. He is calling. (or she or it; use context if possible to figure it out) However, there can be a subject. In that case, the subject and verb must agree in number. Puellavocat. The girl is calling. Puellaevocant. The girls are calling.

20. Vocabulary Review discipula, discipulae, F femina, feminae, F filia, filiae, F magistra, magistrae, F puella, puellae, F regina, reginae, F serva, servae, F female student woman daughter female teacher girl queen female servant/ slave

21. More Vocab Review  ambulō (1) amō (1) laudō (1) portō (1) vocō (1) et non sed walk love praise carry call and not but

22. New Vocabulary agricola, agricolae, M incola, incolae, M/F nauta, nautae, M poeta, poetae, M scriba, scribae, M farmer inhabitant sailor poet scribe

23. New Vocabulary cena, cenae, F corōna, corōnae, F familia, familiae, F flamma, flammae, F insula, insulae, F pinna, pinnae, F(or penna) dinner crown family flame island feather

24. New Vocabulary clamō (1) coronō (1) dō, dare, dedī, datus (1) optō (1) parō (1) pugnō (1) shout crown give choose prepare fight Irregular!

25. Genitive – possession (Latin) The daughter of the queen calls a servant. The queen’s daughter calls a servant. Nom Gen Acc reginae vocat Gen Acc Nom reginae

26. Dative – Indirect Object (Latin) The poet gives a gift to the girl. The poet gives the girl a gift. Nom Acc Dat puellae dat Dat Nom Acc puellae

27. Ablative – Means or Instrument (Latin) The sailors fight by means of feathers. The sailors fight with feathers. Nom Abl pinnīs pugnant Abl Nom pinnīs

28. Translation Practice An inhabitant gives the crown to the queen. incoladōcorōnaregina Incoladatcoronamreginae. The island’s inhabitants crown the queen. insulaincolacorōnōregina Incolaeinsulaecoronantreginam.