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Born in Blood and Fire - Chapter 2
- 4. Chapter 2: Power called “hegemony”
- 10. Chapter 2: Vocabulary Activity
Notas do Editor
- -Map shows us the current linguistic legacy of Spanish and Portuguese colonialism.
- -Steps of economic and political development: 1. Spanish look for wealth, find silver in Potosí and Zacatecas. 2. New economies develop around mines, structures transportation routes and ports. 3. Secondary economies to support new cities -- clothing, food 4. Political structure emerges (viceroys, taxes). -For Portuguese, all centered around sugar plantations/mills, mills become small cities, similar structural consequences as for Spanish.
- Hegemony represents two components to domination of European colonizers over the lives and minds of indigenous Americans and slaves: 1. Social hierarchy (religion, patriarchy, and patronage) were enforced through violent and non-violent means. 2. Continued imposition of language, customs, religion, social structures leads to unspoken (tacit) acceptance of the norms. People stop challenging and begin accepting structures.
- -Ask students to “popcorn” words – quick whip around the room, must throw out one word only about what this Diego Rivera image makes them think about. Can be anything. -Point to the image of “La Malinche” with the first mestizo baby (blue eyed in the center); probably a self-portrait of Diego Rivera himself (he often did that in his paintings), because he was mestizo.
- Religious mixing: Often, patron saints adopted by indigenous believers tended to be remarkably closely related to indigenous deities. -Virgin of Guadalupe sighted originally on holy Aztec site. Even depictions of saints became darker, more similar in appearance to locals than Europeans. She is the patron virgin of latin america. -A church in Cusco has a depiction of the last supper with a guinea pig instead of bread as the sustenance. Obvious example of religious mixing (transculturation).
- Urban centers: the political/social institutions were strongly European, made hegemonic rule more pronounced; racial and cultural mixing called transculturation Semi-rural: Secondary economies to support city life, less European culture, still lots of settlers farmers on the outskirts of cities. Fringes: subsistence farmers, indigenous groups, fewer slaves (but some escaped slave enclaves in indigenous communities, presence of native languages, racial mixing among poorer classes
- Caste system: Chasteen doesn’t say the order of the castes, how were they placed in a hierarchy? -Official caste was recorded at baptism -Mixing occurred despite official ban (How common was mixing in Latin America compared to British colonies in the United States? Why more mixing in Latin America?) -One could move up the hierarchy officially by purchasing better caste status (gracias al sacar means “thanks to the taking” literally translated. Mixing: Caste system expanded to more than a dozen, so many categories “in the middle”
- Students will be asked to define it, use it in a sentence (not directly from the book), draw a picture in the context of Latin America during colonial period, and last draw a picture of term as it would be relevant to contemporary society