Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that affects the blood vessels in the retina. It has four stages from mild nonproliferative retinopathy to proliferative retinopathy. Symptoms include blurred vision and gradual vision loss. Tight control of blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol is important for prevention, as is not smoking and regular eye exams by an eye doctor skilled in treating diabetic retinopathy. Exams should be yearly or every 2-3 years depending on risk level.

1. DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
NAME: NEHA GUPTA
LIFESTYLE COUNSELOR

2. OBJECTIVES:-
By the end of the session participants will be able to:
• Define and classify the diabetic retinopathy
• Identify the diagnostic criteria for different categories
• List the signs and symptoms of diabetic retinopathy
• State why the signs and symptoms occur
• Describe the role of genetic and environment factors in
the prevention and management of diabetic
retinopathy

3. What is diabetic eye disease..?
• Diabetic eye disease refers to a group of eye problems that
people with diabetes may face as a complication of
diabetes. All can cause severe vision loss or even blindness.
Diabetic eye disease may include:
• Diabetic retinopathy—damage to the blood vessels in the
retina.
• Cataract—clouding of the eye's lens. Cataracts develop at
an earlier age in people with diabetes.
• Glaucoma—increase in fluid pressure inside the eye that
leads to optic nerve damage and loss of vision. A person
with diabetes is nearly twice as likely to get glaucoma as
other adults.

4. EYE STRUCTURE

5. What are the stages of diabetic
retinopathy?
Diabetic retinopathy has four stages:
1. Mild Nonproliferative Retinopathy
2. Moderate Nonproliferative Retinopathy
3. Severe Nonproliferative Retinopathy
4. Proliferative Retinopathy.

6. Normal Vision and the same scene
viewed by a person with diabetic
retinopathy

7. Symptoms
• Most often, diabetic retinopathy has no
symptoms until the damage to your eyes is
severe.
Symptoms of diabetic retinopathy include:
• Blurred vision and gradual vision loss
• Shadows or missing areas of vision
• Difficulty seeing at nighttime

8. Prevention
• Tight control of blood sugar, blood
pressure, and cholesterol is very important for
preventing diabetic retinopathy.
• Do not smoke. If you need help quitting, ask
your doctor or counselor.

9. Begin having eye examinations as
follows by an eye doctor skilled in the
treatment of diabetic retinopathy:
• Children older than 10 years who have had
diabetes for 3 - 5 years or more
• Adults and adolescents with type 2 diabetes soon
after diagnosis
• Adolescents and adults with type 1 diabetes
within 5 years of diagnosis
• After the first exam, most patients should have a
yearly eye exam.

10. • If you are beginning a new exercise program
or are planning to get pregnant, have your
eyes examined. Avoid resistance or high-
impact exercises, which can strain already
weakened blood vessels in the eyes.
• If you are at low risk, you may need follow-up
exams only every 2 - 3 years. The eye exam
should include dilation to check for signs of
retinal disease (retinopathy).

11. Signs and tests
• In nearly all cases, the health care provider
can diagnose diabetic retinopathy by dilating
the pupils with eye drops and then carefully
examining the retina.
• A retinal photography or fluorescein
angiography test may also be used.