1. Question 16Question 16
Intrinsic MotivationIntrinsic Motivation

2. DEFINING MOTIVATIONDEFINING MOTIVATION
Motivation is the extent to which youMotivation is the extent to which you
make choice aboutmake choice about
(a)(a)Goals to pursueGoals to pursue
(b)(b)The effort you will devote to thatThe effort you will devote to that
pursuit.pursuit.

3. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation
• Intrinsic = A person’s internal desire to do
something, due to such things as interest,
challenge, and personal satisfaction
–e.g. “What is you passion in life?”
–Self-regulatory
–Highly individualized
• Extrinsic = motivation based on something
external to the activity
(Typical extrinsic rewards are money, prizes,
grades, and even certain types of
positive feedback.)

4. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Physiological needs: Need to satisfy
hunger and thirst.
Safety needs: Need to feel that the
world is organized and predictable;
need to feel safe, secure, and stable.
Belongingness and love needs: Need
to love and be loved, to belong and be
accepted; need to avoid loneliness and
alienation.
Esteem needs: Need for self-esteem,
achievement, competence, and
independence; need for recognition
and respect from others.
Self-actualization needs: Need to live
up to one's fullest and unique
potential.

5. • Abraham Maslow
Intrinsic motivation is clearly superior to
extrinsic.
• Jerome Bruner
“Autonomy of self-reward”
One of the most effective ways to help
people to think and learn is to free them
from the control of rewards and
punishments.

6. Bruner (1966)
Intrinsic motivation is linked with curiosity
and drive to achieve efficiency for new
students in school.
 Deci (1975)
Intrinsic motivation can be described as a
psychological condition caused when
individuals consider themselves capable
and able to determine something on its
own.

7. Educational Psychologist
Motivation in education can have several
effects on how students learn.
• Direct behavior toward particular goals
• Lead to increased effort and energy
• Increase initiation of, and persistence in,
activities
• Enhance cognitive processing
• Determine what consequences are reinforcing
• Lead to improved performance.

8. • As intrinsic motivation deals with activities
that act as their own rewards
• Extrinsic motivation deals with motivations
that are brought on by consequences or
punishments.

9. Intrinsic Motivation
Occurs when people are internally motivated
to do something
• because it either brings them pleasure
• they think it is important, or
• they feel that what they are learning is
significant.

10. Conclusion

11. QUESTION 22
ACTIVE LISTENING

12. DEFINITION OF LISTENING
• The process of receiving, constructing
meaning from, and responding to
spoken and/or nonverbal messages; to
hear something with thoughtful
attention

13. Listening vs. Hearing
Hearing- physical process; natural;
passive
Listening- physical & mental process;
active; learned process; a skill

14. WHAT IS ACTIVE
LISTENING?
• A way of listening and responding to another
person that improves mutual understanding.
• A way of paying attention to other people that
can make them feel that you are hearing them
• This type of listening is called active because it
requires certain behaviors of the listener.

15. BENEFITS OF ACTIVE LISTENING
• It forces people to listen attentively to others.
• It tends to open people up, to get them to say
more.
• Shows empathy
• Builds relationships
So
• Maximize your understanding of the other’s
perspective
• Minimize their defensiveness (and your own,
too)

16. “A good listener tries to
understand thoroughly what the
other person is saying. In the end
he may disagree sharply, but
before he disagrees, he wants to
know exactly what it is he is
disagreeing with.”
Kenneth A. Wells

17. ACTIVE LISTENERS
1. Be there
2. Listen carefully to the person
3. Accept the person and his/her feelings
4. Stay with the other person's point of view
without becoming that person
5. Trust the person enough to keep out
of it

18. Be there
• Be present in heart, mind and spirit with the
person.
• Begin with a clear intention to understand
• the other person before you seek to have
him/her understand you because you really
need to hear what s/he has to say first.
• Displaying the proper attitude with open body
language is important,

19. Listen carefully to the person
• Don't plan what you are going to say. Don't
think of how you can interrupt. Don't think of
how tosolve the problem.
• Just listen.
• Watch for what will never be said out loud.
• Read the nonverbal signals of others.

20. Accept the person and his/her feelings
• The meaning of what the person is trying to
say is in a combination of content and feeling.
• Accept the person and their feelings without
judgment or reservation.
• Don't stereotype the person even though s/he
may be very different from you.
• Accept whatever the person's feelings
• may be or how they may differ from what you
think a person "should" feel.

21. Stay with the other person's point of view
without becoming that person
• Don't become that person, but understand
what s/he is feeling, saying, or thinking.
• For clarification try translating what the other
person is saying into your own words without
being repetitious.

22. Trust the person enough to
keep out of it
• Trust the person's ability to handle his/her
own feelings, work through them, and find
solutions to his/her own problems.
• Don't intrude on what the person is trying to
say.