Ms. Dymek Harper's Choice Middle School 2011

1. Grammar Week Review
Ms. Dymek

2. TO REVIEW…
Circle the SUBJECT in the Sentence.
Underline the VERB/PREDICATE.
The alien picked his
nose.
SUBJECT=Alien
VERB/PREDICATE=picked

3. REMEMBER…
A Subject is the person,
place, or thing DOING the
action.
A Verb is something you
can DO.

4. Identify the subjects and verbs of
each sentence
Circle the subject. Underline the verbs.
1. Celine Dion sings really high notes.
2. Wayne ate the pepperoni quiche.
3. I had to go to the grocery store to buy
cottage cheese.

5. How did you do?
1. Celine Dion sings really high
notes.
2. Wayneate the pepperoni
quiche.
3. I had to go to the grocery
store to buy cottage cheese.

6. What about in these sentences?
1.Celine Dion and Mariah Carey
sing really high notes.
2.Wayne and Dwayne ate the
pepperoni quiche.
3.Sheila and I had to leave the
party and drive to McDonalds.

7. How did you do?
1.Celine Dion and Mariah Carey
sing really high notes.
2.Wayne and Dwayneate the
pepperoni quiche.
3.Sheila and I had to leave the
party and drive to McDonalds.

8. Compound Subjects and Verbs
Compound Subject means that MORE THAN ONE
NOUN (person, place, or thing) is doing the
action.
Ex. Wayne and Dwayneate the pepperoni
quiche.
Compound Verb means that there is MORE THAN
ONE ACTION.
Ex. Wayne atethe pepperoni quicheand puked.

9. Identify the compound subjects and
compound verbs in each sentence
1. Francine and Henrietta couldn’t sleep
because of Gertrude’s snoring at the
slumber party.
2. Francine went to lunch and ate her Cheetos,
but Henrietta had detention.
3. Gertrude and Henrietta had to clean and
polish the silver while Francine made tea
and sat outside.

10. How did you do??
1. Francine and Henrietta couldn’t sleep
because of Gertrude’s snoring at the
slumber party.
2. Francine went to lunch and ate her
Cheetos, but Henrietta had detention.
3. Gertrude and Henrietta had to clean and
polish the silver while Francine made tea
and sat outside.

11. Simple, Compound, and Complex
Sentences
 Simple sentence has one independent clause.
 Compound sentence joins together two or
more independent clauses
 Clauses joined by FANBOYS
 Complex sentence joins together at least one
independent clause and at least one
dependent clause
 always has a subordinator such as
because, since, after, although, or when or a
relative pronoun such as that, who, or which.

12. Identify the different sentences
1. After they clipped their coupons, Francine, Gertrude,
and Henrietta went to the movies.
2. Gertrude, who cannot hear very well, talked very loudly
throughout the entire movie.
3. Francine and Henrietta got really mad at Gertrude.
4. Gertrude did not understand why Francine and Henrietta
got mad at her, but she enjoyed the movie anyway.
5. Francine and Henrietta were relieved when Gertrude
went to get popcorn.

13. How did you do??
1. After they clipped their coupons, Francine, Gertrude,
and Henrietta went to the movies. COMPLEX
2. Gertrude, who cannot hear very well, talked very loudly
throughout the entire movie. COMPLEX
3. Francine and Henrietta got really mad at Gertrude.
SIMPLE
4. Gertrude did not understand why Francine and
Henrietta got mad at her, but she enjoyed the movie
anyway. COMPOUND
5. Francine and Henrietta were relieved when Gertrude
went to get popcorn. COMPLEX

14. Combine the following sentence. First into a
compound, then into a complex sentence.
1. a. Gertrude sat on the bench.
b. Gertrude sat in gum.
2. a. Francine went to buy a feather boa.
b. The store was out of boas.
3. a. Henrietta could not get her hair dry.
b. Her electricity was out.
c. She wore a bright pink hat.

15. Compound Sentences
1. Gertrude sat on the bench, and she sat in gum.
2. Francine went to buy a feather boa, but the store was
out of them.
3. Henrietta could not get her hair dry, for the electricity
was out, so she wore a bright pink hat.
What are the yellow words? Coordinating Conjunctions
(FANBOYS)
FOR AND NOR BUT OR YET SO

16. Complex Sentences
1. When Gertrude sat on the bench, she sat in gum.
2. Although Francine went to buy a feather boa, the store
was out of them.
3. Henrietta, who wore a bright pink hat, could not get her
hair dry when the electricity was out.
What are the purple words?
SUBORDINATOR= because, since, after, although, or when
RELATIVE PRONOUN = that, who, which.

17. What’s wrong with this sentence?
Trying to take a nap, the television was on
while Casey shut her eyes.
What is the modifier? Trying to take a nap
What is being modified? Casey
How does this need to be rewritten?
Trying to take a nap, Casey shut her eyes while the
television was on.

18. Dangling and Misplaced Modifiers
Modifiers (just like adjectives) are
meant to describe a noun in the
sentence.
Sometimes…
Modifiers are not placed appropriately
OR
There may not be anyone/thing to receive the modifying
OR
they are too far away from the noun they are describing
This leads to an unclear and silly sounding sentence…and we
wouldn’t want that, of course.

19. For Example…
Sizzling on the grill, Theo smelled the salmon.
What is your modifier? Sizzling on the grill
Now ask yourself this…WHO OR WHAT IS DOING THIS SIZZLING ON THE
GRILL?
Theo? No! The salmon is!
How can this be revised so Theo is not the one sizzling on the grill?
(Ouch!)
Theo smelled the salmon sizzling on the grill.
OR
Sizzling on the grill, the salmon was smelled by Theo.

20. Revise the following sentences for clarity by
rearranging the placement of the modifiers
1. The living room was a disaster,
not having realized that Casey
had been out of her kennel for
the entire day. I LOVE
SHOES!
2. Having bought the puppy chow, it
needed to be locked in the
pantry.
3. Piled up next to the front door,
Casey loved chewing on the
shoes.

21. How did you do?
The living room was a disaster, not having realized that Casey
had been out of her kennel for the entire day.
What’s the modifier? not having realized that Casey had been
out of her kennel for the entire day
What’s being modified? WE DON’T KNOW! Who or what is
doing the realizing?
How can this be revised?
The living room was a disaster because we did not realize
that Casey had been out of her kennel for the entire day.

22. How did you do?
Having bought the puppy chow, it needed to be
locked in the pantry.
What’s the modifier? Having bought the puppy
chow
Who or what is being modified? WE DON’T
KNOW! We do not know how bought the
puppy chow or who is going to be locking it in
the pantry!
How can this be revised?
Having bought the puppy chow, I needed to
lock it in the pantry.

23. How did you do?
Piled up next to the front door, Casey YOU
loved chewing on the shoes. DON’T
KNOW
What is the modifier? Piled up next to ME!!
the front door
Who or what is being modified? SHOES
(Casey is not piled up next to the
front door. Duh.)
Casey loved chewing on the shoes
piled up next to the front door.

24. Other Types of Modifiers
Does this sound weird to you?
The magazine is wrinkled from shower steam
on the bathroom floor.
Where is this magazine? On the bathroom floor
HOWEVER…this sentence says that the STEAM is on the bathroom floor.
How can this be revised?
The magazine on the bathroom floor is
wrinkled from shower steam.

25. Prepositional Phrases as Modifiers
Prepositional Phrases tell you either:
How, When, or Where (ADV)
OR
Which one? (ADJ)
Before class, Rudolph begged his friends for a pencil.
When did Rudolph do his begging? Before class
The note from George confessed that he had eaten the leftover
pizza.
Which note? The one from George (ADJECTIVE)
Just a head’s up—you will NEVER find the subject of the sentence in
the prepositional phrase

26. Revise these sentences for clarity by rearranging the
prepositional phrases and what they modify
1. Abraham Lincoln wrote the
Gettysburg Address while
traveling from Washington
to Gettysburg on the back of
an envelope.
2. The two sisters were
reunited after 18 years at
the checkout counter.
3. One morning, I shot an
elephant in my pajamas.

27. How did you do?
1. Abraham Lincoln wrote the Gettysburg Address while traveling
from Washington to Gettysburg on the back of an envelope.
Abraham Lincoln wrote the Gettysburg Address on the back of an
envelope while traveling from Washington to Gettysburg.
2. The two sisters were reunited after 18 years at the checkout
counter.
The two sisters were reunited at the checkout counter after 18
years.
3. One morning, I shot an elephant in my pajamas. (How the
elephant got in my pajamas, I’ll never know.)
One morning, while in my pajamas, I shot an elephant.

28. Participles
Participles come in two varieties: past and present. They are two of
the five forms or principal parts that every verb has.
Verb Simple Simple Past Past Present Infinitive
Present Participle Participle
Giggle Giggle Giggled Giggled Giggling To giggle
Bring Bring(s) Brought Brought Bringing To Bring
Sing Sine Sung Sung Singing To Sing
Another way of saying present participle is present progressive, or
that it is currently happening. It will always end with –ing 100% of
the time.

29. Participles
Participles have 3 functions:
 As part of a verb
 As an adjective
 As a noun
AS A VERB EXAMPLE:
With a broom, Mrs. Olsen was beating our alligator over the head in an
attempt to retrieve her poodle from the reptile’s jaws.
Was = helping verb; beating = present participle.
AS AN ADJECTIVE EXAMPLE:
The crying baby drew a long breath and sucked in a spider crouching in
the corner of the crib.
Which baby? The crying baby. Which spider? The one that was crouching
in the corner.
EXAMPLE AS A NOUN:
We gave bungee jumping a chance.

30. Underline the Participles
1. The mangled pair of sunglasses, bruised face, broken
arm, and bleeding knees meant Janet had taken
another spill on her mountain bike.
2. Sneezing exhausts Steve, who requires eight tissues
and twenty-seven Gesundheits before he is done.
3. Our pet alligator should have been eating Gator Chow,
crunchy nuggets that Billy leaves for him in a bowl.
4. Joelle bit her tongue instead of criticizing her prom
date's powder blue tuxedo.

31. How did you do?
1. The mangled pair of sunglasses, bruised face, broken
arm, and bleeding knees meant Janet had taken
another spill on her mountain bike.
2. Sneezing exhausts Steve, who requires eight tissues
and twenty-seven Gesundheits before he is done.
3. Our pet alligator should have been eating Gator
Chow, crunchy nuggets that Billy leaves for him in a
bowl.
4. Joelle bit her tongue instead of criticizing her prom
date's powder blue tuxedo.

32. Pronouns and Antecedents
Pronouns can replaced another noun.
Antecedent is what the pronoun refers
to.
Examples:
Casey is a yellow lab. Sheis my
brother’s dog.
Casey=Antecedent
She=Pronoun
Harry Potteris a popular series. They
are my favorite books.

33. Pronouns and Antecedents
When writing, we have to make sure that pronouns and
antecedents agree.
They must agree in the following ways:
 Personrefers to the quality of being.
 Numberis singular (one) and plural (many).
 Genderis masculine or feminine.

34. Example:
Incorrect:
If a person wants to be successful, you have to eat
lots of spinach.
The pronoun (you) and the antecedent (person) do
not match.
Correct:
If a person wants to be successful, he or she has to
eat lots of spinach.
OR
If you want to be successful, you have to eat lots of
spinach.

35. Choose the best way to revise the following
sentences to show agreement between a pronoun and
its antecedent. Some may already be correct.
1. Is everyone happy with their gift?
2. One of the boys had tears in their eyes.
3. Everyone has his or her own way of
organizing.
4. A person needs to learn how to read or you
will not do very well in school.

36. How did you do?
1. Is everyone happy with their gift? INCORRECT
everyone/his or her
2. One of the boys had tears in their eyes. INCORRECT
One/his
3. Everyone has his or her own way of organizing. CORRECT
4. A person needs to learn how to read or you will not do
very well in school. INCORRECT
Person/he or she OR you/you

37. Active Voice How dare
you! I would
never!
The subject is doing
the verb
Example:
Casey is tearing up
the pillow.
(Pillow is our direct object)

38. So…What’s Passive Voice?
The direct object becomes the subject.
Active Voice: Casey is tearing up the pillow
Passive Voice:The pillow is being torn up by
Casey.
Passive voice is not typically used because it
may be unclear; however, there are times
when it is the better choice.

39. Turn These Passive Voice Sentences into
Active Voice Sentences
1. The juicy hamburger was eaten by
Giorgio.
2. It was heard by me through the
grapevine.
3. The 1812 Overture was written by
Tchaikovsky.
4. An iguana is being held by me.
5. Frankenstein’s monster was liked by no
one.

40. How Did You Do?
1. Giorgio ate the juicy
hamburger.
2. I heard it through the
grapevine.
3. Tchaikovsky wrote The 1812
Overture.
4. I am holding an iguana.
5. No one liked Frankenstein’s
monster.