children with emotional and behavioral disorders

Children
with Emotional
And Behavioral Disorders

DE GUZMAN, MIA MILAGROS T.
II-17 BSE ENGLISH

-CLASSIFICATION
(IDEA)
- CAUSES
- TYPES

Children with Emotional And Behavioral Disorders

CLASSIFICATION
From IDEA:
Four distinct categories:


1. Conduct disorders.
Conduct disorders involve such
characteristics as overt aggression, both
verbal and physical; disruptiveness;
negativism; irresponsibility; and defiance of
authority -- all of which are at variance with
the behavioral
expectations of the school and other social
institutions.
2. Anxiety-Withdrawal.
Anxiety-withdrawal contrasts sharply with
conduct disorders. It involves over anxiety,
social withdrawal, seclusiveness, shyness,
sensitivity, and other behaviors that imply a
retreat from the environment rather than a
hostile response to it.

3. Immaturity.
Immaturity characteristically involves
preoccupation, short attention span,
passivity, daydreaming, sluggishness, and
other
behaviors not consistent with developmental
expectations.
4. Socialized Aggression.
Socialized aggression typically involves gang
activities, cooperative stealing, truancy, and
other manifestations of participation in
a delinquent subculture.

http://www.catherineshafer.com/emotional.html

 CAUSES

The cause for emotional and behavioral disorders
are not always clear, but several researchers have
found a few possible causes.
1. Biological factors:
2. Psychoanalytical factors
3. Behavioral factors
4. Phenomenological
5. Sociological/Ecological
http://caidjax1.wordpress.com/what-can-cause-an-emotional-and-behavioral-disorder/

1. Biological factors:
 Genetics
 Abnormalities in the neurological
and biochemical development of
the child
 Injuries to the central nervous
system
2. Psychoanalytical factors
 Traumatic childhood experiences
3. Behavioral factors
 Lack of adaptive behaviors
 Exposure to maladaptive behaviors
 Exposure to poor environmental
stresses that lead to maladaptive
behaviors

4. Phenomenological
 Improper use of defense
mechanisms
 Failure to learn about oneself
5. Sociological/Ecological
 Destructive family life
 Poor living conditions
 Rejection by peers
 Expectations of the child that cause
a lot of stress on the child
 Labeling of the child
 Culture

http://caidjax1.wordpress.com/what-can-cause-an-emotional-and-behavioral-disorder/

 TYPES:

ACCORDING TO THE Diagnostic & statistical
Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) 1. Conduct Disorder
2. Emotional Disturbance
3. Personality Disorder
4. Anxiety Disorder
5. ADHD

http://sped.wikidot.com/emotional-and-behavoioral-disorders

 A. Conduct Disorder is a








―destructive pattern of
antisocial behavior that
violates the rights of others.‖
4 out of every 100
children with age ranging
from 9-17 have this disorder.
Signs that a child may have
this disorder are:
Aggressiveness with
peers, teachers, pets, and
strangers
No regard for rules
Repeated destruction of
others’ property
Constant criminal activity

 The diagnosis of conduct

disorder is based on
antisocial behavior, and
it says little about the
child’s inner life, motives,
and disabilities. The
disorder is classified by
type: aggressive versus
nonaggressive, and
overt (with violence or
tantrums) versus covert
(with lying, stealing,
and/or drug use).

 Early symptoms include

stealing, running away
from home, habitual lying,
cruelty to animals, and fire
setting. As the child grows
older, the pattern may
develop into vandalism,
malicious mischief,
truancy, drug and alcohol
use, and various forms of
violence, from school
bullying to robbery,
assault, and rape.

 Emotional

Disturbances:
- Severe
Depression
- Bipolar
- Eating
Disorder

 B. Emotional Disturbances:

Emotional disturbances
that manifest themselves in
violence and similar extreme
behavior occur less frequently
than those with a more
complex and subtle effect. And
some disorders, such as eating
disorders and substance abuse,
are deliberately—and often
successfully—hidden by the
child. Some children develop a
negative or maladaptive pattern
of behavior and interaction that
becomes deeply entrenched
and seems to be part of their
personality.

Severe Depression is a disorder
that was once believed to be
only experienced by adults, but
now studies show that 2 out of
every 100 children have been
experiencing this disorder also.
Severe depression is marked by:
 Severe lost of interest in friends
and activities
 Very low self-esteem
 Lack of any type of motivation
 Changes in sleeping and eating
patterns
 Increased amount of sadness
 Thought of suicide

http://caidjax1.wordpress.com/what-are-the-different-types-ofemotional-and-behavioral-disorders/

 Bipolar Disorder is a

disorder that affects the
child’s mood. Bipolar
disorder is recognized by:
 Mood swings that range
from extremely high to
extremely low
 High moods will be marked
by hyperactivity, little
sleep, and careless
judgement
 Low moods will be marked
by depression



Eating Disorders affect the way a
child views their body and how they
consume food. Girls are more likely
to have eating disorders, but boys
have been diagnosed with them also.
There are different types of eating
disorders and they are:

Aneroxia Nervosa- where the child has a
fear of weight gain therefore they starve
their bodies of food and nutrients that the
body needs.
 <Bulimia Nervosa- where the child will
consume food very quickly then vomit or
take laxatives to rid their body of the
food in order not to gain any weight.
 Binge Eating- where the child will
consume an excessive amount of food at
one time. They will not vomit,but they will
repeatedly put themselves on a strict,
unhealthy diet afterwards.



 C. Personality Disorders
The DSM defines a personality disorder as ―an enduring pattern of
inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the
expectations of the individual’s culture, is pervasive and inflexible,
has an onset in adolescence or early adulthood, is stable over time,
and leads to distress or impairment.‖ The following descriptions of a
few categories of personality disorder illustrate these maladaptive
patterns:
 Schizotypal personality disorder: ―a pattern of acute
discomfort in close relationships, cognitive or perceptual
distortions, and eccentricities of behavior.‖
 Borderline personality disorder: ―a pattern of instability in
interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked
impulsivity.‖
 Dependent personality disorder: ―a pattern of submissive and
clinging behavior related to an excessive need to be taken care of.‖

 Schizophrenia is a disorder that







http://health.discovery.com/tvshows/specials/about-theshows/born-schizophrenic-q-anda1.htm





affects the child’s mental ability to
differentiate between what is real
or unreal. This disorder develops
slowly through a child’s life till
their adult years. 5 out of every
1,000 children develop this
disorder. The symptoms are:
Inability to separate real
experiences from unreal
experiences
Hallucinations
Inability to think logically in
situations
Irregular emotional responses to
situations
No emotion
Hyperactive emotions
Paranoia

http://caidjax1.wordpress.com/what-are-the-different-typesof-emotional-and-behavioral-disorders/



D. Anxiety Disorders
Anxiety disorders are a prevalent form
of emotional difficulty, sharing with
depression the dubious honor of most
pervasive emotional disorder. Children
with anxiety may be fearful, nervous,
shy, and preoccupied, and they often
strive to avoid the source of the
anxiety—if there is a specific source.

Anxiety disorders include generalized
anxiety disorder, phobias, panic
disorder, obsessive-compulsive
disorder, and posttraumatic stress
disorder. Separation anxiety
disorder specifically affects children and
adolescents and can make separation from
home and loved ones extremely
distressing.


 Anxiety Disorders: The most







common childhood disorder with 13
out of every 100 children, whose
age range is from 9-17 years old ,
having at least one of the different
types of anxiety disorders. Some
common symptoms are:
excessive fear
excessive worrying about incidents
that they have never experienced
unnecessary repeated behaviors and
thought patterns
sudden rapid heartbeats and dizziness
repeated flashbacks of traumatizing
events that have occurred in the
child’s life such as a car accident,
sexual assault, or any other type of
violence

 Anxiety Disorders:

A phobia (from
the Greek: φόβος, Phóbos, meaning
"fear" or "morbid fear") is, when used
in the context of clinical psychology, a
type of anxiety disorder, usually
defined as a persistent fear of an
object or situation in which the
sufferer commits to great lengths in
avoiding, typically disproportional to
the actual danger posed, often being
recognized as irrational. In the event
the phobia cannot be avoided
entirely, the sufferer will endure the
situation or object with
marked distress and significant
interference in social or occupational
activities.[

10 Common Phobias
1. Arachnophobia: spiders
2. Ophidiophobia: snakes
3. Acrophobia: heights
4. Acrophobia: difficult situations
5. Cynophobia: dogs
6. Astraphobia: thunder & lightning
7. Trypanophobia: injections
8. Social Phobias: social situations
9. Pteromerhanophobia: flying
10. Mysophobia: germs or dirt

Bourne, Edmund J. (2011). The Anxiety & Phobia Workbook 5th ed. New Harbinger Publications. pp. 50–51.

Anxiety Disorders:
Panic disorder is an anxiety
disorder characterized by
recurring severe panic attacks.
It may also include significant
behavioral changes lasting at least a
month and of ongoing worry about
the implications or concern about
having other attacks. The latter are
called anticipatory attacks (DSMIVR). Panic disorder is not the same
as agoraphobia (fear of public
places), although many afflicted
with panic disorder also suffer from
agoraphobia. Panic attacks cannot
be predicted, therefore an
individual may become stressed,
anxious or worried wondering when
the next panic attack will occur.
Phil Barker (7 October 2003). Psychiatric and mental health nursing: the craft of caring. Arnold. pp. 215


Obsessive–compulsive
disorder (OCD) is an anxiety
disorder characterized by intrusive
thoughts that produce uneasiness,
apprehension, fear, or worry; by
repetitive behaviors aimed at
reducing the associated anxiety; or by
a combination of such obsessions
and compulsions. Symptoms of the
disorder include excessive washing or
cleaning; repeated checking;
extreme hoarding; preoccupation
with sexual, violent or religious
thoughts;relationship-related
obsessions; aversion to particular
numbers; and nervous rituals, such as
opening and closing a door a certain
number of times before entering or
leaving a room.


Posttraumatic stress
disorder (PTSD) is a severe
condition that may develop
after a person is exposed to
one or more traumatic
events, such as sexual assault,
serious injury or the threat of
death. The diagnosis may be
given when a group of
symptoms such as disturbing
recurring flashbacks, avoidance
or numbing of memories of the
event, and hyperarousal (high
levels of anxiety) continue for
more than a month after the
traumatic event.


Separation anxiety disorder (SAD) is
a psychological condition in which an
individual experiences
excessive anxiety regarding
separation from home or from
people to whom the individual has a
strong emotional attachment (e.g. a
parent, grandparents, or siblings).
According to the American Psychology
Association, separation anxiety disorder
is the inappropriate and excessive
display of fear and distress when
faced with situations of separation
from the home or from a specific
attachment figure. The anxiety that is
expressed is categorized as being atypical
of the expected developmental level and
age. The severity of the symptoms ranges
from anticipatory uneasiness to full-blown
anxiety about separation.

 E. ADHD

Doubtless, the most prevalent
behavioral disorder in schools
today is attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD), sometimes referred to as
attention deficit disorder (ADD).
According to the U.S. Department
of Education (2000),
approximately 3 to 5 percent of
the school-aged population
have ADHD.
 The essential feature of AttentionDeficit/Hyperactivity Disorder is a
persistent pattern of inattention
and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity
that is more frequent and severe
than is typically observed in
individuals at a comparable level of
development.

 ADHD can include nine specific

symptoms of inattention and nine
symptoms of
hyperactivity/impulsivity.
Individuals with ADHD may know
what to do, but do not consistently
do what they know because of their
inability to efficiently stop and
think prior to responding,
regardless of the setting or task.
 The DSM describes four
subtypes of ADHD: inattentive,
hyperactive/impulsive, combined
(showing both inattention and
hyperactivity), and “not otherwise
specified.”

 Attention-







deficit/Hyperactivity
Disorder is a disorder that
affects the way a child is able
to focus. Usually identified
when child is displaying the
following symptoms at home
or school. Apparent
symptoms are:
Inability to focus
Inability to follow directions
Inability to sit still
Inability to remain quiet
Inability to cooperate with
others


The End….

 Sources/links of this presentation are included in

each slide.

children with emotional and behavioral disorders

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