![Pronunciation of the ending -ed in the Simple Past
In the Simple Past we add -ed to regular verbs. Be careful pronuncing the verbs:
1) verbs ending in -ed preceded by a voiceless consonant [p, k, f, ʃ , ʧ , s, θ]
-> speak [t].
The -e is silent. Example: I stop - I stopped [stɒ pt]
2) verbs ending in -ed preceded by a voiced consonant [b, g, v, ʒ , ʤ , z, ð, l, m, n] or a
vowel
-> speak [d].
The -e is silent. Example: I clean - I cleaned [kli:nd]
3) verbs ending in -ed preceded by [t] or [d]
-> speak [ɪ d].
The -e changes to [ɪ ]. Example: I visit - I visited [vɪ zɪ tɪ d]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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Adding -ed to Regular Verbs
- 1. . Regular verbs infinitive + -ed Add -ed with regular verbs Sometimes there are exceptions in spelling when adding -ed. 1) consonant after short, stressed vowel at the end of the word Double the consonant. stop – stopped swap - swapped If the consonant is not stressed, we do not double it: benefit - benefited (Here we stress the first 'e', not the 'i'.) In British English we double one -l at the end of the word: travel - travelled 2) one -e at the end of the word add only d. love – loved save – saved 3) verbs ending in -y verbs ending in 'y' preceded by a vowel (a, e, i, o, u): Add -ed. Example: I play - he played verbs ending in 'y' preceded by a consonant: Change 'y' to 'i' Then add -ed. Example: I hurry - he hurried
- 2. Pronunciation of the ending -ed in the Simple Past In the Simple Past we add -ed to regular verbs. Be careful pronuncing the verbs: 1) verbs ending in -ed preceded by a voiceless consonant [p, k, f, ʃ , ʧ , s, θ] -> speak [t]. The -e is silent. Example: I stop - I stopped [stɒ pt] 2) verbs ending in -ed preceded by a voiced consonant [b, g, v, ʒ , ʤ , z, ð, l, m, n] or a vowel -> speak [d]. The -e is silent. Example: I clean - I cleaned [kli:nd] 3) verbs ending in -ed preceded by [t] or [d] -> speak [ɪ d]. The -e changes to [ɪ ]. Example: I visit - I visited [vɪ zɪ tɪ d]
- 3. Form of the Simple Past Form the Simple Past: - with regular verbs: infinitive + -ed - with irregular verbs: use the 2nd column of the table of the irregular verbs Affirmative sentences: Use the same form of the verb every time regardless the subject. regular verbs irregular verbs I played football. I went to the supermarket. Negative sentences: Use the auxiliary did (Simple Past of do) every time regardless the subject. regular verbs irregular verbs I did not play football. I did not go to the supermarket. NOTE: Short forms in negative sentences in the Simple Past are used quite often. regular verbs irregular verbs I didn't play football. I didn't go to the supermarket. Questions: Use the auxiliary did (Simple Past of do) every time regardless the subject. regular verbs irregu Did you play football? Did I go to the superm
- 4. Simple Past - Use The Simple Past is used to talk about actions or situations in the past. It is also called Past Simple. Have a look at the following examples: 1) action started and finished in the past (single or repeated) I visited Berlin last week. Andrew watched TV yesterday. 2) series of completed actions in the past First I got up, then I had breakfast.
- 5. simple Past – TIME EXPRESSIONS These words tell you what tense you have to use. For the Simple Past these are expressions of time in the past. yesterday yesterday morning/ afternoon/ evening/ last Sunday / last week / weekend/ month/ year/ a month ago / a year ago / three months ago / in 2002
- 6. Irregular verbs (most common) infinitive simple past past participle be was/were been I am I was I have been he is he was he has been we are we were we have been beat beat beaten become became become begin began begun bet* bet bet blow blew blown break broke broken bring brought brought build built built burst burst burst buy bought bought catch caught caught choose chose chosen come came come cost cost cost cut cut cut deal dealt dealt do did done
- 7. draw drew drawn drink drank drunk drive drove driven eat ate eaten fall fell fallen feed fed fed feel felt felt fight fought fought find found found fly flew flown forget forgot forgotten freeze froze frozen get got got, gotten (AE) give gave given go went gone grow grew grown hang hung hung have had had hear heard heard hide hid hidden hit hit hit hold held held
- 8. hurt hurt hurt keep kept kept know knew known lay laid laid lead led led leave left left lend lent lent let let let lie lay lain light* lit lit lose lost lost make made made mean meant meant meet met met pay paid paid put put put read read read ride rode ridden ring rang rung rise rose risen run ran run say said said
- 9. see saw seen sell sold sold send sent sent set set set shake shook shaken steal stole stolen shine shone shone shoot shot shot show* showed shown shut shut shut sing sang sung sink sank sunk sit sat sat sleep slept slept slide slid slid speak spoke spoken spend spent spent spring sprang sprung stand stood stood stick stuck stuck swear swore sworn sweep swept swept
- 10. swim swam swum swing swung swung take took taken teach taught taught tear tore torn tell told told think thought thought throw threw thrown understand understood understood wake* woke woken wear wore worn weave wove woven win won won write wrote written * regular form (+ -ed) also possible. The trend, in English, and especially in American English, is to standardize the irregular verbs. We do not foresee all the irregular verbs ever being standardized, but some of the more minor variations in less commonly used words will probably disappear in the next genration or two. The following English irregular verbs are now obsolete and use the standard past and participle forms (-ed). infinitive simple past past participle burn burnt burnt dream dreamt dreamt
- 11. learn learnt learnt smell smelt smelt spell spelt spelt