1. DANANG CITY, VIETNAM

2. Long V Nguyen [email_address] CALICO 2010 Enhancing Language Learning: Research, Innovation, and Evaluation in CALL Amherst College, MA

5. Websites Email Blogs Wikis Chat SMS  ============================================  Product-oriented Process-oriented CMC Aural Textual Visual Asynchronous Synchronous

7. Participation Interaction Synthesis The three central components of collaborative learning (Ingram & Hathorn, 2004)

11. Pen-and-paper versus wiki peer comments: T-test analysis Control Class (n=10) CMC Class (n=10) Mean S. D. Mean S. D. t p* Total words by groups 434.40 184.44 997.60 469.86 3.53 .004 Total comments by groups 47.40 15.95 101.50 52.36 3.13 .006 (a comment = a sentential unit) Control members (n=30) CMC members (n=30) Mean S. D. Mean S. D. t p* Comments by members 15.80 9.49 33.83 23.84 3.85 .000 *Significant at p < .01

12. Unit of analysis: Sentential units Collaborative exchanges

13. Phuong, 0210: I like studying this way. I love this Friday. Finally, it comes, yeah yeah. (theme: Socioaffective; subcategory: Emotional expressions) M. Hang, 0210: xong dat page m day^^ [Translated: Glad to be the first footer in your page^^]. (theme: Socioaffective; subcategory: Use of L1) Ngan, 0203: hello. i have some comments to your assignment! i put what i comments in CAPITALIZED LETTERS. (theme: Organisational; subcategory: Feedback management) H. Phuong, 0202: ok, if you have not any comment, I'll edit again and send to our teacher! (theme: Organisational; subcategory: Group management)

17. Anh, 0206: (19/3/09) i think that your topic sentence is not good enough! it's should be more general! the best thing is that you showed the reason why the view of cohabition are quite different between US and VN. in my opinion, you should add more information about the result of this life style Thoa, 0206: (20/3/09) thanks for your comments. however, my paragraph only focus on comparison &quot;the social attitudes toward cohabitation in US and VN&quot; so i think the results is not necessary. and my topic sentence is the first sentence, the last sentence is to sumarise for my paragraph.

18. While the global comments include those with regard to idea development, essay structure and organisation, and audience and purpose, the local feedback covers those relating to grammar structure, wording, punctuation and spelling.

19. Ratio: 2.5 Ratio: 1.9

21. “… we could have many more comments on wiki. I gave comments to others’, then the others gave feedback on mine, then I commented again … continuously. It was hard to do this on paper.” (Tam, 0202) “ I like being able to share ideas with my partners every time I want and feel free to give them my comments without worrying that I am hurting their feelings. It is because I can think carefully and choose appropriate words before I type them down. More than that, I can delete previous comments and replace them with more suitable ones. ” (Phuong, 0210) However, “ It was fatiguing and inconvenient to edit on the wiki because I had to go to the Internet shop each time. It was more difficult to correct [the drafts] online than on paper because it was harder to read. It was clearer on paper.” (Anh, 0206)