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Occupational Heat Stress
What is heat stress?
• The net heat burden on the body from the combination of
  the body heat generated while working, environmental
  sources, and clothing requirements
• Increased risk from:
   –   No breeze, wind or ventilation
   –   Radiant heat sources, like a boiler
   –   High humidity
   –   Touching hot objects
   –   Strenuous activity
   –   Hot weather
   –   Working directly in sun instead of shade
   –   Using bulky or non-breathable PPE and equipment
Who’s affected?
• Workers exposed to hot indoor or hot/humid
  outdoor conditions
• Especially those who:
  – Are new hires or suddenly exposed
  – Wear PPE like respirators or suits
  – Are 65+ years old
  – Are overweight
  – Have heart disease or high blood pressure
  – Are taking medications affected by heat
Types of Heat Stress
•   Heat Stroke
•   Heat Exhaustion
•   Heat Syncope
•   Heat Cramps
•   Heat Rash
Heat Stroke
• Most serious, may result in death
• Symptoms:
   – Confusion, fainting, seizures, high body temp.,
     excessive sweating, and/or red, hot, dry skin
• First Aid:
   – Call 911 and stay until help arrives
   – Provide fluids, wet worker, use ice packs/cold
     compresses, fan air, move to shade, loosen
     clothing
Heat Exhaustion
• Symptoms:
   – Cool, moist skin, heavy sweating, headache,
     nausea or vomiting, dizziness, light headedness,
     weakness, thirst, irritability, fast heart beat
• First Aid:
   – Provide fluids, use ice packs/cold compresses,
     move to shade
   – Go to ER if worse/not improved after an hour
   – Don’t return to work that day
Heat Syncope
• Symptoms:
   – Light-headedness, dizziness, fainting
• First Aid:
   – Sit or lie down in a cool place when they begin to
     feel symptoms
   – Slowly drink water, clear juice, or a sports
     beverage
Heat Cramps
• Tired muscles are usually the ones most affected,
  and cramps may occur during or after working
  hours
• Symptoms:
   – Muscle spasms, pain
   – Usually in abdomen, arms, or legs
• First Aid:
   – Rest in shade, drink fluids, wait a few hours to work
   – Seek medical attention if cramps don’t go away
Heat Rash
• “Prickly heat”
• Most common in hot work environments
• Symptoms:
   – Clusters of red bumps on skin, often appearing on
     neck, upper chest, or folds of skin
• First Aid:
   – Try to work in a cooler, less humid environment
     when possible
   – Keep the affected area dry
Prevention
• Engineering controls           • Work Practices
   – AC, ventilation, cooling       – Get acclimated/build
     fans, etc.                       tolerance
• PPE                               – Drink cool water
   – Know your increased risk       – Work/rest cycles
     to heat stress                 – Do heavy work in cooler
   – Wear light, loose fitting        times of day
     and breathable clothing        – Buddy system
• Training                          – Take breaks in cool areas
   – Be aware! Know                 – Avoid large meals
     prevention and first aid       – Avoid caffeine and alcohol
     procedures
Questions?

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Protect Workers from Heat Stress: Understanding Causes and Treatment

  • 2. What is heat stress? • The net heat burden on the body from the combination of the body heat generated while working, environmental sources, and clothing requirements • Increased risk from: – No breeze, wind or ventilation – Radiant heat sources, like a boiler – High humidity – Touching hot objects – Strenuous activity – Hot weather – Working directly in sun instead of shade – Using bulky or non-breathable PPE and equipment
  • 3. Who’s affected? • Workers exposed to hot indoor or hot/humid outdoor conditions • Especially those who: – Are new hires or suddenly exposed – Wear PPE like respirators or suits – Are 65+ years old – Are overweight – Have heart disease or high blood pressure – Are taking medications affected by heat
  • 4. Types of Heat Stress • Heat Stroke • Heat Exhaustion • Heat Syncope • Heat Cramps • Heat Rash
  • 5. Heat Stroke • Most serious, may result in death • Symptoms: – Confusion, fainting, seizures, high body temp., excessive sweating, and/or red, hot, dry skin • First Aid: – Call 911 and stay until help arrives – Provide fluids, wet worker, use ice packs/cold compresses, fan air, move to shade, loosen clothing
  • 6. Heat Exhaustion • Symptoms: – Cool, moist skin, heavy sweating, headache, nausea or vomiting, dizziness, light headedness, weakness, thirst, irritability, fast heart beat • First Aid: – Provide fluids, use ice packs/cold compresses, move to shade – Go to ER if worse/not improved after an hour – Don’t return to work that day
  • 7. Heat Syncope • Symptoms: – Light-headedness, dizziness, fainting • First Aid: – Sit or lie down in a cool place when they begin to feel symptoms – Slowly drink water, clear juice, or a sports beverage
  • 8. Heat Cramps • Tired muscles are usually the ones most affected, and cramps may occur during or after working hours • Symptoms: – Muscle spasms, pain – Usually in abdomen, arms, or legs • First Aid: – Rest in shade, drink fluids, wait a few hours to work – Seek medical attention if cramps don’t go away
  • 9. Heat Rash • “Prickly heat” • Most common in hot work environments • Symptoms: – Clusters of red bumps on skin, often appearing on neck, upper chest, or folds of skin • First Aid: – Try to work in a cooler, less humid environment when possible – Keep the affected area dry
  • 10. Prevention • Engineering controls • Work Practices – AC, ventilation, cooling – Get acclimated/build fans, etc. tolerance • PPE – Drink cool water – Know your increased risk – Work/rest cycles to heat stress – Do heavy work in cooler – Wear light, loose fitting times of day and breathable clothing – Buddy system • Training – Take breaks in cool areas – Be aware! Know – Avoid large meals prevention and first aid – Avoid caffeine and alcohol procedures