Active transport is the movement of materials through a membrane against a concentration gradient. It requires energy in the form of ATP and specialized carrier proteins to bind to particles and transport them across the membrane. Examples include the sodium-potassium pump in cell membranes. Large particles cross membranes through active transport processes like endocytosis, exocytosis, pinocytosis, and phagocytosis, which all require energy. Endocytosis involves engulfing extracellular material, while exocytosis expels intracellular material from the cell. Pinocytosis involves drinking in liquids, while phagocytosis engulfs solids.

1. Active Transport Ch 8

2. It is possible for particles to travel in the reverse direction across the membrane and have particles travel from an area of _______ concentration to an area of ______ concentration, but in order to counteract the force of diffusion the cell must expend energy. This process is called _______________. Low High Active Transport

3. Active transport is the movement of materials through a membrane ____________ a concentration gradient. Active transport requires ____________. AGAINST ENERGY

4. low concentration high concentration

5. The energy for active transport comes from ______ (Adenosine Triphosphate) generated inside mitochondria. ATP

6. This process requires specialized proteins , which are __________ proteins to bind with the particle and transport it. Carrier

7. Example: Sodium/Potassium pump in cell membranes.

9. Summary of Passive and Active Transport: & Osmosis GREAT PICTURE

10. Thus, far we have talked about the movement of __________ particles traveling across the membrane. Small

12. Root Greek or Latin meaning Endo- inside, within Exo- external, out Phago- eat Pino- drink

13. Endo cytosis vs Exo cytosis: BOTH REQUIRE ENERGY Large particles are transported across the membrane in membrane bound vesicles.

17. Endocytosis Exocytosis

18. Pinocytosis vs. Phagocytosis Both take materials IN

20. Pinocytosis

22. Phagocytosis Used by white blood cells to engulf bacteria or infected cells

23. Phagocytosis movie Phagocytosis 2 movie