SlideShare uma empresa Scribd logo
1 de 19
The Demographic Transition
         Model
              and the
    Fertility Transition Theory
•Conceived by Frank Notestein 1945.
•Model of population change based
upon effects of economic development.
•Based on the experience of the
Western world, it was used for
decades as a model to predict what
should/would happen to developing
countries eventually.
All countries pass through four or five
stages to a state of maturity.
http://www.uwec.edu/Academic/
Geography/Ivogeler/w111/demmo
del.htm
Stage 1: High steady birth rates and
high but fluctuating death rates.
Therefore, high natural increase rate.
Two rates are approximately equal. The
death rate fluctuates due to war and
disease. Low income, agricultural
society.
Stage 2: Dramatic decline in death
rates; high birth rates. Onset of
industrialization and related health and
medical advances.
http://www.uwec.edu/Academic/
Geography/Ivogeler/w111/demmo
del.htm
Stage 3: Low death rates; declining
birth rates, due to voluntary decisions
to reduce family size aided by improved
contraception. Related to improved
standard of living. Natural increase rate
falls.
Stage 4: Low steady death and birth
rates. Low natural increase rate, similar
to Stage 1.
Stage 5: Low death rates; declining
birth rates.
http://www.uwec.edu/Academic/
Geography/Ivogeler/w111/demmo
del.htm
So, in summary, the argument that is
extracted from the demographic
transition model is that since the
developed countries underwent a dramatic
change that resulted in lower rates of
population growth, if only the developing
nations could do the same their fertility
rates would also fall.
“Development is the best form of
contraception.”
However ….
This demographic transition has not
occurred uniformly geographically.
Some areas are in Stage 5 and some areas
are in Stage 2.
Times have changed since the developed
world went through the demographic
transition.
Therefore, can we use the demographic
transition model as a predictive tool? Can
we assume that the passage from 3rd to
4th stage will happen over time?
From the evidence of modern experience,
it seems “no”.
Conditions are different.
Prospects for industrialization are
questionable.
Reductions in death rates are a result in
some countries of diffusion of
technology from the developed world.
It’s one thing to introduce death control,
another to introduce successful ways to
reduce birth rates
There is evidence to suggest that the
fertility rates are declining as in the 3rd
and fourth stages, but for very
different reasons.
This is known as the Fertility Transition
Theory.
The Fertility Transition Theory
Fertility is declining in the less developed
world at a rate which exceeds the rate of
decline that was experienced in the
developed world.
It seems to be related directly to the
extent to which modern contraceptives
are employed.
Formal education is not a prerequisite for
for using contraception.
Information about contraception is
widespread due to mass media.
Appeal for large families has fallen due to
rising status of women, obvious problems
associated with rapid and large population
increased for the family and the state
(e.g., pressure on agricultural land).
In summary, the Fertility Transition
Theory asserts that while economic
development can create a climate
conducive to reductions in fertility, it is a
change in cultural attitude about large
families and a willingness to use
contraception that is the key, along with
the availability of the contraception.
In short, development is not the best form
of contraceptive; rather contraceptives
are the best form of contraceptive.
But what are some of the obstacles to the
more widespread use of contraception?
Opposition to birth control and family
planning.
The manufacture and distribution and
education about their use of
contraceptives is expensive.
Religion can block birth control
programs: Catholic Church and some
others.
Low status of women: lack of political
and economic rights; lack of access to
education.
Preference for male children in some
areas.
Fertility rates are lower in urban
societies, and much of the developing
world is still rural.

Mais conteúdo relacionado

Mais procurados

Malthus theory and population growth through human history
Malthus theory and population growth through human historyMalthus theory and population growth through human history
Malthus theory and population growth through human historyJintubania
 
Causes and Consequences of Rapid Population Growth
Causes and Consequences of Rapid Population GrowthCauses and Consequences of Rapid Population Growth
Causes and Consequences of Rapid Population GrowthUnica Chiara
 
Population Theories
Population TheoriesPopulation Theories
Population TheoriesHNurton
 
Malthusian theory and_its_criticisms
Malthusian theory and_its_criticismsMalthusian theory and_its_criticisms
Malthusian theory and_its_criticismsTaurai Chako
 
Population pyramids
Population pyramidsPopulation pyramids
Population pyramidsAndy Dorn
 
Fundamentals of demography
Fundamentals of demographyFundamentals of demography
Fundamentals of demographynium
 
Human fertility and it's determinant
Human fertility and it's determinantHuman fertility and it's determinant
Human fertility and it's determinantsopyanbkkbn
 
Marxist theory on population growth
Marxist theory on population growthMarxist theory on population growth
Marxist theory on population growthImani Maxwell
 
The Demographic Transition Model
The Demographic Transition ModelThe Demographic Transition Model
The Demographic Transition ModelGeo Slades
 
Demographic transition theory and Optimum Population
Demographic transition theory and Optimum PopulationDemographic transition theory and Optimum Population
Demographic transition theory and Optimum PopulationPranjal Prateek
 
Ravestein’s law of migration & LEE’s Theory of Migration
Ravestein’s law of migration & LEE’s Theory of MigrationRavestein’s law of migration & LEE’s Theory of Migration
Ravestein’s law of migration & LEE’s Theory of MigrationMuhammad Saud PhD
 
Population Composition & Structure
Population Composition & StructurePopulation Composition & Structure
Population Composition & Structurekdjw
 
Population
PopulationPopulation
Populationmrbruns
 
Malthus population theory
Malthus population theoryMalthus population theory
Malthus population theoryNick O'Kieffe
 
Theories of population
Theories of populationTheories of population
Theories of populationBimal Antony
 
Demographic Transition Model
Demographic Transition ModelDemographic Transition Model
Demographic Transition Modelrakochy
 

Mais procurados (20)

Malthus theory and population growth through human history
Malthus theory and population growth through human historyMalthus theory and population growth through human history
Malthus theory and population growth through human history
 
Causes and Consequences of Rapid Population Growth
Causes and Consequences of Rapid Population GrowthCauses and Consequences of Rapid Population Growth
Causes and Consequences of Rapid Population Growth
 
Population Theories
Population TheoriesPopulation Theories
Population Theories
 
Malthusian theory and_its_criticisms
Malthusian theory and_its_criticismsMalthusian theory and_its_criticisms
Malthusian theory and_its_criticisms
 
Population pyramids
Population pyramidsPopulation pyramids
Population pyramids
 
Fertility
FertilityFertility
Fertility
 
Population Change
Population ChangePopulation Change
Population Change
 
Fundamentals of demography
Fundamentals of demographyFundamentals of demography
Fundamentals of demography
 
Human fertility and it's determinant
Human fertility and it's determinantHuman fertility and it's determinant
Human fertility and it's determinant
 
Marxist theory on population growth
Marxist theory on population growthMarxist theory on population growth
Marxist theory on population growth
 
The Demographic Transition Model
The Demographic Transition ModelThe Demographic Transition Model
The Demographic Transition Model
 
Demographic transition theory and Optimum Population
Demographic transition theory and Optimum PopulationDemographic transition theory and Optimum Population
Demographic transition theory and Optimum Population
 
Ravestein’s law of migration & LEE’s Theory of Migration
Ravestein’s law of migration & LEE’s Theory of MigrationRavestein’s law of migration & LEE’s Theory of Migration
Ravestein’s law of migration & LEE’s Theory of Migration
 
Population Composition & Structure
Population Composition & StructurePopulation Composition & Structure
Population Composition & Structure
 
Population growth and it's impact
Population growth and it's impactPopulation growth and it's impact
Population growth and it's impact
 
Population
PopulationPopulation
Population
 
Malthus population theory
Malthus population theoryMalthus population theory
Malthus population theory
 
Population Growth
Population GrowthPopulation Growth
Population Growth
 
Theories of population
Theories of populationTheories of population
Theories of population
 
Demographic Transition Model
Demographic Transition ModelDemographic Transition Model
Demographic Transition Model
 

Semelhante a Demographic transition theory

Shraddha Acharya_Demographic transition theory n NDHS
Shraddha Acharya_Demographic transition theory n NDHSShraddha Acharya_Demographic transition theory n NDHS
Shraddha Acharya_Demographic transition theory n NDHSMMC, IOM, Nepal
 
lecture-10-week-10--Auto-saved--03012023-120420am.pptx
lecture-10-week-10--Auto-saved--03012023-120420am.pptxlecture-10-week-10--Auto-saved--03012023-120420am.pptx
lecture-10-week-10--Auto-saved--03012023-120420am.pptxHassanAli479336
 
Demographic Transition Research Paper
Demographic Transition Research PaperDemographic Transition Research Paper
Demographic Transition Research PaperKimberly Williams
 
My Own Demography 4 Demographic transition.pptx
My Own Demography 4 Demographic transition.pptxMy Own Demography 4 Demographic transition.pptx
My Own Demography 4 Demographic transition.pptxMUHAMMAD UMAIR
 
Demographic Transition Theory
Demographic Transition TheoryDemographic Transition Theory
Demographic Transition TheoryJustin Mohammed
 
Population growth and its effects on environment
Population growth and its effects on environmentPopulation growth and its effects on environment
Population growth and its effects on environmentVanshika Garg
 
FAQs Human Population Growth & Phases Question 1 What ar.docx
FAQs Human Population Growth & Phases Question 1 What ar.docxFAQs Human Population Growth & Phases Question 1 What ar.docx
FAQs Human Population Growth & Phases Question 1 What ar.docxssuser454af01
 
Development economics II for the third year economics students 2024 by Tesfay...
Development economics II for the third year economics students 2024 by Tesfay...Development economics II for the third year economics students 2024 by Tesfay...
Development economics II for the third year economics students 2024 by Tesfay...TesfayeBiruAsefa
 
theory of demographic transition.ppt
theory of demographic transition.ppttheory of demographic transition.ppt
theory of demographic transition.pptSudhakarReddy630686
 
Chapt04 Lecture
Chapt04 LectureChapt04 Lecture
Chapt04 Lecturerpieper
 
GEOGRAPHY IGCSE: POPULATION DYNAMICS
GEOGRAPHY IGCSE: POPULATION DYNAMICSGEOGRAPHY IGCSE: POPULATION DYNAMICS
GEOGRAPHY IGCSE: POPULATION DYNAMICSGeorge Dumitrache
 
Population notes
Population notesPopulation notes
Population noteszeshmaiqbal
 
Onset of fertility transition by Tim Dyson and Mike Murphy
Onset of fertility transition by Tim Dyson and Mike MurphyOnset of fertility transition by Tim Dyson and Mike Murphy
Onset of fertility transition by Tim Dyson and Mike MurphyMihir Adhikary
 
population-studies.pptx
population-studies.pptxpopulation-studies.pptx
population-studies.pptxreallife23
 
Demography and Family Plannining Lecture
Demography   and Family Plannining Lecture Demography   and Family Plannining Lecture
Demography and Family Plannining Lecture Dr.Farhana Yasmin
 

Semelhante a Demographic transition theory (20)

Shraddha Acharya_Demographic transition theory n NDHS
Shraddha Acharya_Demographic transition theory n NDHSShraddha Acharya_Demographic transition theory n NDHS
Shraddha Acharya_Demographic transition theory n NDHS
 
lecture-10-week-10--Auto-saved--03012023-120420am.pptx
lecture-10-week-10--Auto-saved--03012023-120420am.pptxlecture-10-week-10--Auto-saved--03012023-120420am.pptx
lecture-10-week-10--Auto-saved--03012023-120420am.pptx
 
Demographic Transition Research Paper
Demographic Transition Research PaperDemographic Transition Research Paper
Demographic Transition Research Paper
 
Dtm notes
Dtm notesDtm notes
Dtm notes
 
Population Growth
Population GrowthPopulation Growth
Population Growth
 
My Own Demography 4 Demographic transition.pptx
My Own Demography 4 Demographic transition.pptxMy Own Demography 4 Demographic transition.pptx
My Own Demography 4 Demographic transition.pptx
 
Demographic Transition Theory
Demographic Transition TheoryDemographic Transition Theory
Demographic Transition Theory
 
Population growth and its effects on environment
Population growth and its effects on environmentPopulation growth and its effects on environment
Population growth and its effects on environment
 
FAQs Human Population Growth & Phases Question 1 What ar.docx
FAQs Human Population Growth & Phases Question 1 What ar.docxFAQs Human Population Growth & Phases Question 1 What ar.docx
FAQs Human Population Growth & Phases Question 1 What ar.docx
 
Demography
DemographyDemography
Demography
 
Development economics II for the third year economics students 2024 by Tesfay...
Development economics II for the third year economics students 2024 by Tesfay...Development economics II for the third year economics students 2024 by Tesfay...
Development economics II for the third year economics students 2024 by Tesfay...
 
theory of demographic transition.ppt
theory of demographic transition.ppttheory of demographic transition.ppt
theory of demographic transition.ppt
 
Chapt04 Lecture
Chapt04 LectureChapt04 Lecture
Chapt04 Lecture
 
Causes and effects of abortion
Causes and effects of abortionCauses and effects of abortion
Causes and effects of abortion
 
GEOGRAPHY IGCSE: POPULATION DYNAMICS
GEOGRAPHY IGCSE: POPULATION DYNAMICSGEOGRAPHY IGCSE: POPULATION DYNAMICS
GEOGRAPHY IGCSE: POPULATION DYNAMICS
 
Population notes
Population notesPopulation notes
Population notes
 
Onset of fertility transition by Tim Dyson and Mike Murphy
Onset of fertility transition by Tim Dyson and Mike MurphyOnset of fertility transition by Tim Dyson and Mike Murphy
Onset of fertility transition by Tim Dyson and Mike Murphy
 
population-studies.pptx
population-studies.pptxpopulation-studies.pptx
population-studies.pptx
 
Ib population overview
Ib population overviewIb population overview
Ib population overview
 
Demography and Family Plannining Lecture
Demography   and Family Plannining Lecture Demography   and Family Plannining Lecture
Demography and Family Plannining Lecture
 

Último

♛VVIP Hyderabad Call Girls Chintalkunta🖕7001035870🖕Riya Kappor Top Call Girl ...
♛VVIP Hyderabad Call Girls Chintalkunta🖕7001035870🖕Riya Kappor Top Call Girl ...♛VVIP Hyderabad Call Girls Chintalkunta🖕7001035870🖕Riya Kappor Top Call Girl ...
♛VVIP Hyderabad Call Girls Chintalkunta🖕7001035870🖕Riya Kappor Top Call Girl ...astropune
 
Call Girls Kochi Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Kochi Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Kochi Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Kochi Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableDipal Arora
 
Top Rated Hyderabad Call Girls Erragadda ⟟ 6297143586 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine ...
Top Rated  Hyderabad Call Girls Erragadda ⟟ 6297143586 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine ...Top Rated  Hyderabad Call Girls Erragadda ⟟ 6297143586 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine ...
Top Rated Hyderabad Call Girls Erragadda ⟟ 6297143586 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine ...chandars293
 
Call Girls Varanasi Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Varanasi Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Varanasi Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Varanasi Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableDipal Arora
 
Call Girls Tirupati Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Tirupati Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Tirupati Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Tirupati Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableDipal Arora
 
(👑VVIP ISHAAN ) Russian Call Girls Service Navi Mumbai🖕9920874524🖕Independent...
(👑VVIP ISHAAN ) Russian Call Girls Service Navi Mumbai🖕9920874524🖕Independent...(👑VVIP ISHAAN ) Russian Call Girls Service Navi Mumbai🖕9920874524🖕Independent...
(👑VVIP ISHAAN ) Russian Call Girls Service Navi Mumbai🖕9920874524🖕Independent...Taniya Sharma
 
Bangalore Call Girl Whatsapp Number 100% Complete Your Sexual Needs
Bangalore Call Girl Whatsapp Number 100% Complete Your Sexual NeedsBangalore Call Girl Whatsapp Number 100% Complete Your Sexual Needs
Bangalore Call Girl Whatsapp Number 100% Complete Your Sexual NeedsGfnyt
 
Call Girls Jabalpur Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Jabalpur Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Jabalpur Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Jabalpur Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableDipal Arora
 
Night 7k to 12k Navi Mumbai Call Girl Photo 👉 BOOK NOW 9833363713 👈 ♀️ night ...
Night 7k to 12k Navi Mumbai Call Girl Photo 👉 BOOK NOW 9833363713 👈 ♀️ night ...Night 7k to 12k Navi Mumbai Call Girl Photo 👉 BOOK NOW 9833363713 👈 ♀️ night ...
Night 7k to 12k Navi Mumbai Call Girl Photo 👉 BOOK NOW 9833363713 👈 ♀️ night ...aartirawatdelhi
 
Chandrapur Call girls 8617370543 Provides all area service COD available
Chandrapur Call girls 8617370543 Provides all area service COD availableChandrapur Call girls 8617370543 Provides all area service COD available
Chandrapur Call girls 8617370543 Provides all area service COD availableDipal Arora
 
Call Girls Mumbai Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Mumbai Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Mumbai Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Mumbai Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableDipal Arora
 
Call Girls Ooty Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Ooty Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Ooty Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Ooty Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableDipal Arora
 
Call Girls Dehradun Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Dehradun Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Dehradun Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Dehradun Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableDipal Arora
 
💎VVIP Kolkata Call Girls Parganas🩱7001035870🩱Independent Girl ( Ac Rooms Avai...
💎VVIP Kolkata Call Girls Parganas🩱7001035870🩱Independent Girl ( Ac Rooms Avai...💎VVIP Kolkata Call Girls Parganas🩱7001035870🩱Independent Girl ( Ac Rooms Avai...
💎VVIP Kolkata Call Girls Parganas🩱7001035870🩱Independent Girl ( Ac Rooms Avai...Taniya Sharma
 
Night 7k to 12k Chennai City Center Call Girls 👉👉 7427069034⭐⭐ 100% Genuine E...
Night 7k to 12k Chennai City Center Call Girls 👉👉 7427069034⭐⭐ 100% Genuine E...Night 7k to 12k Chennai City Center Call Girls 👉👉 7427069034⭐⭐ 100% Genuine E...
Night 7k to 12k Chennai City Center Call Girls 👉👉 7427069034⭐⭐ 100% Genuine E...hotbabesbook
 
The Most Attractive Hyderabad Call Girls Kothapet 𖠋 6297143586 𖠋 Will You Mis...
The Most Attractive Hyderabad Call Girls Kothapet 𖠋 6297143586 𖠋 Will You Mis...The Most Attractive Hyderabad Call Girls Kothapet 𖠋 6297143586 𖠋 Will You Mis...
The Most Attractive Hyderabad Call Girls Kothapet 𖠋 6297143586 𖠋 Will You Mis...chandars293
 
Call Girls Nagpur Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Nagpur Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Nagpur Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Nagpur Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableDipal Arora
 
Call Girls Ludhiana Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Ludhiana Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Ludhiana Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Ludhiana Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableDipal Arora
 
Premium Call Girls Cottonpet Whatsapp 7001035870 Independent Escort Service
Premium Call Girls Cottonpet Whatsapp 7001035870 Independent Escort ServicePremium Call Girls Cottonpet Whatsapp 7001035870 Independent Escort Service
Premium Call Girls Cottonpet Whatsapp 7001035870 Independent Escort Servicevidya singh
 
Best Rate (Hyderabad) Call Girls Jahanuma ⟟ 8250192130 ⟟ High Class Call Girl...
Best Rate (Hyderabad) Call Girls Jahanuma ⟟ 8250192130 ⟟ High Class Call Girl...Best Rate (Hyderabad) Call Girls Jahanuma ⟟ 8250192130 ⟟ High Class Call Girl...
Best Rate (Hyderabad) Call Girls Jahanuma ⟟ 8250192130 ⟟ High Class Call Girl...astropune
 

Último (20)

♛VVIP Hyderabad Call Girls Chintalkunta🖕7001035870🖕Riya Kappor Top Call Girl ...
♛VVIP Hyderabad Call Girls Chintalkunta🖕7001035870🖕Riya Kappor Top Call Girl ...♛VVIP Hyderabad Call Girls Chintalkunta🖕7001035870🖕Riya Kappor Top Call Girl ...
♛VVIP Hyderabad Call Girls Chintalkunta🖕7001035870🖕Riya Kappor Top Call Girl ...
 
Call Girls Kochi Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Kochi Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Kochi Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Kochi Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
Top Rated Hyderabad Call Girls Erragadda ⟟ 6297143586 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine ...
Top Rated  Hyderabad Call Girls Erragadda ⟟ 6297143586 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine ...Top Rated  Hyderabad Call Girls Erragadda ⟟ 6297143586 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine ...
Top Rated Hyderabad Call Girls Erragadda ⟟ 6297143586 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine ...
 
Call Girls Varanasi Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Varanasi Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Varanasi Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Varanasi Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
Call Girls Tirupati Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Tirupati Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Tirupati Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Tirupati Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
(👑VVIP ISHAAN ) Russian Call Girls Service Navi Mumbai🖕9920874524🖕Independent...
(👑VVIP ISHAAN ) Russian Call Girls Service Navi Mumbai🖕9920874524🖕Independent...(👑VVIP ISHAAN ) Russian Call Girls Service Navi Mumbai🖕9920874524🖕Independent...
(👑VVIP ISHAAN ) Russian Call Girls Service Navi Mumbai🖕9920874524🖕Independent...
 
Bangalore Call Girl Whatsapp Number 100% Complete Your Sexual Needs
Bangalore Call Girl Whatsapp Number 100% Complete Your Sexual NeedsBangalore Call Girl Whatsapp Number 100% Complete Your Sexual Needs
Bangalore Call Girl Whatsapp Number 100% Complete Your Sexual Needs
 
Call Girls Jabalpur Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Jabalpur Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Jabalpur Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Jabalpur Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
Night 7k to 12k Navi Mumbai Call Girl Photo 👉 BOOK NOW 9833363713 👈 ♀️ night ...
Night 7k to 12k Navi Mumbai Call Girl Photo 👉 BOOK NOW 9833363713 👈 ♀️ night ...Night 7k to 12k Navi Mumbai Call Girl Photo 👉 BOOK NOW 9833363713 👈 ♀️ night ...
Night 7k to 12k Navi Mumbai Call Girl Photo 👉 BOOK NOW 9833363713 👈 ♀️ night ...
 
Chandrapur Call girls 8617370543 Provides all area service COD available
Chandrapur Call girls 8617370543 Provides all area service COD availableChandrapur Call girls 8617370543 Provides all area service COD available
Chandrapur Call girls 8617370543 Provides all area service COD available
 
Call Girls Mumbai Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Mumbai Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Mumbai Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Mumbai Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
Call Girls Ooty Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Ooty Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Ooty Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Ooty Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
Call Girls Dehradun Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Dehradun Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Dehradun Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Dehradun Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
💎VVIP Kolkata Call Girls Parganas🩱7001035870🩱Independent Girl ( Ac Rooms Avai...
💎VVIP Kolkata Call Girls Parganas🩱7001035870🩱Independent Girl ( Ac Rooms Avai...💎VVIP Kolkata Call Girls Parganas🩱7001035870🩱Independent Girl ( Ac Rooms Avai...
💎VVIP Kolkata Call Girls Parganas🩱7001035870🩱Independent Girl ( Ac Rooms Avai...
 
Night 7k to 12k Chennai City Center Call Girls 👉👉 7427069034⭐⭐ 100% Genuine E...
Night 7k to 12k Chennai City Center Call Girls 👉👉 7427069034⭐⭐ 100% Genuine E...Night 7k to 12k Chennai City Center Call Girls 👉👉 7427069034⭐⭐ 100% Genuine E...
Night 7k to 12k Chennai City Center Call Girls 👉👉 7427069034⭐⭐ 100% Genuine E...
 
The Most Attractive Hyderabad Call Girls Kothapet 𖠋 6297143586 𖠋 Will You Mis...
The Most Attractive Hyderabad Call Girls Kothapet 𖠋 6297143586 𖠋 Will You Mis...The Most Attractive Hyderabad Call Girls Kothapet 𖠋 6297143586 𖠋 Will You Mis...
The Most Attractive Hyderabad Call Girls Kothapet 𖠋 6297143586 𖠋 Will You Mis...
 
Call Girls Nagpur Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Nagpur Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Nagpur Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Nagpur Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
Call Girls Ludhiana Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Ludhiana Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Ludhiana Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Ludhiana Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
Premium Call Girls Cottonpet Whatsapp 7001035870 Independent Escort Service
Premium Call Girls Cottonpet Whatsapp 7001035870 Independent Escort ServicePremium Call Girls Cottonpet Whatsapp 7001035870 Independent Escort Service
Premium Call Girls Cottonpet Whatsapp 7001035870 Independent Escort Service
 
Best Rate (Hyderabad) Call Girls Jahanuma ⟟ 8250192130 ⟟ High Class Call Girl...
Best Rate (Hyderabad) Call Girls Jahanuma ⟟ 8250192130 ⟟ High Class Call Girl...Best Rate (Hyderabad) Call Girls Jahanuma ⟟ 8250192130 ⟟ High Class Call Girl...
Best Rate (Hyderabad) Call Girls Jahanuma ⟟ 8250192130 ⟟ High Class Call Girl...
 

Demographic transition theory

  • 1. The Demographic Transition Model and the Fertility Transition Theory
  • 2. •Conceived by Frank Notestein 1945. •Model of population change based upon effects of economic development. •Based on the experience of the Western world, it was used for decades as a model to predict what should/would happen to developing countries eventually. All countries pass through four or five stages to a state of maturity.
  • 4. Stage 1: High steady birth rates and high but fluctuating death rates. Therefore, high natural increase rate. Two rates are approximately equal. The death rate fluctuates due to war and disease. Low income, agricultural society. Stage 2: Dramatic decline in death rates; high birth rates. Onset of industrialization and related health and medical advances.
  • 6. Stage 3: Low death rates; declining birth rates, due to voluntary decisions to reduce family size aided by improved contraception. Related to improved standard of living. Natural increase rate falls. Stage 4: Low steady death and birth rates. Low natural increase rate, similar to Stage 1. Stage 5: Low death rates; declining birth rates.
  • 8. So, in summary, the argument that is extracted from the demographic transition model is that since the developed countries underwent a dramatic change that resulted in lower rates of population growth, if only the developing nations could do the same their fertility rates would also fall. “Development is the best form of contraception.”
  • 9.
  • 10. However …. This demographic transition has not occurred uniformly geographically. Some areas are in Stage 5 and some areas are in Stage 2. Times have changed since the developed world went through the demographic transition.
  • 11. Therefore, can we use the demographic transition model as a predictive tool? Can we assume that the passage from 3rd to 4th stage will happen over time? From the evidence of modern experience, it seems “no”.
  • 12. Conditions are different. Prospects for industrialization are questionable. Reductions in death rates are a result in some countries of diffusion of technology from the developed world. It’s one thing to introduce death control, another to introduce successful ways to reduce birth rates
  • 13. There is evidence to suggest that the fertility rates are declining as in the 3rd and fourth stages, but for very different reasons. This is known as the Fertility Transition Theory.
  • 14. The Fertility Transition Theory Fertility is declining in the less developed world at a rate which exceeds the rate of decline that was experienced in the developed world. It seems to be related directly to the extent to which modern contraceptives are employed. Formal education is not a prerequisite for for using contraception.
  • 15. Information about contraception is widespread due to mass media. Appeal for large families has fallen due to rising status of women, obvious problems associated with rapid and large population increased for the family and the state (e.g., pressure on agricultural land).
  • 16. In summary, the Fertility Transition Theory asserts that while economic development can create a climate conducive to reductions in fertility, it is a change in cultural attitude about large families and a willingness to use contraception that is the key, along with the availability of the contraception.
  • 17. In short, development is not the best form of contraceptive; rather contraceptives are the best form of contraceptive. But what are some of the obstacles to the more widespread use of contraception?
  • 18. Opposition to birth control and family planning. The manufacture and distribution and education about their use of contraceptives is expensive. Religion can block birth control programs: Catholic Church and some others.
  • 19. Low status of women: lack of political and economic rights; lack of access to education. Preference for male children in some areas. Fertility rates are lower in urban societies, and much of the developing world is still rural.