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Biochemistry Introduction of Macromolecules
WORD BREAKDOWN: macromolecule
WORD BREAKDOWN: macromolecule ,[object Object],Molecule Opposite of “micro” LARGE Molecule
Biochemistry ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Organic Substances ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Organic Substances Poly mers  are formed from the linking together of many similar  mono mers .
Organic Substances ,[object Object],Hint:  mono lingual,  mono tone, &  mono logue Mono   = ONE!
Organic Substances ,[object Object],[object Object],Poly   = more than 1  OR many
Organic Substances Poly mers  are formed from the linking together of many similar  mono mers .  This statement should now make more sense now that we know the vocab root meaning!
Organic Substances Think of  biomolecules  as “giant molecules” formed from thousands or hundreds of thousands of smaller molecules. Mono mers (links) are the smaller units which are joined together to form  poly mers (bike chain)
Organic Substances Structure Subunit Types Roles  Examples Identification Carbohydrate Lipids Protein Nucleic Acid
[object Object],[object Object],Carbohydrates Organic compounds that have the formula C n (H 2 O) n  or 1:2:1 http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objid=AP13104
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Monosaccharides
[object Object],[object Object],Polysaccharides Starch A storage molecule found in plants. Plants store sugars in the form of starch for later use. Starch Starch Starch
More to come about these two!
Organic Substances Monosaccharides ??? (coming soon) Quick Energy  ??? (coming soon) Glucose Fructose ??? (coming soon) Benedict’s Reagent ??? (coming soon) Structure Subunit Types Roles  Examples Identification Carbohydrate Monosaccharides Lipids Protein Nucleic Acid
Glycerol + Fatty Acid tails Lipids ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objid=AP13204
Glycerol + Fatty Acid tails Lipids Glycerol Fatty Acid tails
What do these all have in common? Which one is different? A B C D E F
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Lipids
 
LIPIDS “ PHOSPHO”LIPID Cell Membrane
LIPIDS What are trans fats ? UNSATURATED TRANS FAT
LIPIDS ,[object Object]
Organic Substances ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Stored energy Insulation Cell Components Fats Oils  Waxes Sudan III Brown paper Glycerol + Fatty acids Structure Subunit Types Roles  Examples Identification Carbohydrate Lipids Protein Nucleic Acid
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Proteins Proteins are macromolecules comprised of chains of amino acids. http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objid=AP13304
Organic Substances Many types Biuret’s Reagent Structure Subunit Types Roles  Examples Identification Carbohydrate Lipids Protein Amino acids Nucleic Acid Meats Hormones Muscle Hair Nails Enzymes Blood Cells catalysts transport movement protection immune growth
NUCLEIC ACIDS DNA RNA
NUCLEIC ACIDS Nucleic acids are the only macromolecules with the unique ability to  REPRODUCE  themselves and carry the code that directs all of the cell’s activities.
[object Object],NUCLEIC ACIDS NUCLEOTIDES. nitrogen base phosphate sugar (Pentose- 5 Carbon)
NUCLEIC ACIDS The  pentose  (5 carbon) sugar in a nucleotide is either ribose (RNA) or deoxyribose (DNA).
NUCLEIC ACIDS PHOSPHATE GROUP
NUCLEIC ACIDS The  NITROGEN BASES  fit into 2 families:   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
NUCLEIC ACIDS ATP ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE An individual nucleotide that functions in energy transfer (acts like a battery) in the cell. adenine ribose triphosphate
Organic Substances Direct cell processes Protein Synthesis Cellular energy DNA  RNA ATP None     DNA  RNA ATP Nucleotides Structure Subunit Types Roles  Examples Identification Carbohydrate Lipids Protein Nucleic Acid

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Biomolecules

  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6. Organic Substances Poly mers are formed from the linking together of many similar mono mers .
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9. Organic Substances Poly mers are formed from the linking together of many similar mono mers . This statement should now make more sense now that we know the vocab root meaning!
  • 10. Organic Substances Think of biomolecules as “giant molecules” formed from thousands or hundreds of thousands of smaller molecules. Mono mers (links) are the smaller units which are joined together to form poly mers (bike chain)
  • 11. Organic Substances Structure Subunit Types Roles Examples Identification Carbohydrate Lipids Protein Nucleic Acid
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15. More to come about these two!
  • 16. Organic Substances Monosaccharides ??? (coming soon) Quick Energy ??? (coming soon) Glucose Fructose ??? (coming soon) Benedict’s Reagent ??? (coming soon) Structure Subunit Types Roles Examples Identification Carbohydrate Monosaccharides Lipids Protein Nucleic Acid
  • 17.
  • 18. Glycerol + Fatty Acid tails Lipids Glycerol Fatty Acid tails
  • 19. What do these all have in common? Which one is different? A B C D E F
  • 20.
  • 21.  
  • 22. LIPIDS “ PHOSPHO”LIPID Cell Membrane
  • 23. LIPIDS What are trans fats ? UNSATURATED TRANS FAT
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27. Organic Substances Many types Biuret’s Reagent Structure Subunit Types Roles Examples Identification Carbohydrate Lipids Protein Amino acids Nucleic Acid Meats Hormones Muscle Hair Nails Enzymes Blood Cells catalysts transport movement protection immune growth
  • 29. NUCLEIC ACIDS Nucleic acids are the only macromolecules with the unique ability to REPRODUCE themselves and carry the code that directs all of the cell’s activities.
  • 30.
  • 31. NUCLEIC ACIDS The pentose (5 carbon) sugar in a nucleotide is either ribose (RNA) or deoxyribose (DNA).
  • 33.
  • 34. NUCLEIC ACIDS ATP ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE An individual nucleotide that functions in energy transfer (acts like a battery) in the cell. adenine ribose triphosphate
  • 35. Organic Substances Direct cell processes Protein Synthesis Cellular energy DNA RNA ATP None  DNA RNA ATP Nucleotides Structure Subunit Types Roles Examples Identification Carbohydrate Lipids Protein Nucleic Acid