1. Chapter 3
Early European Colonies

2. GLO- What are the social and
economic factors affecting European
Imperialism?

3. Imperialism
 A policy of on the part of a ruler or government of
one territory to dominate other territories
 The British and French Governments had a policy
to colonize North America, claim it’s land and
resources and use it to further their sphere of
influence in Europe

4. Colonies
 colony – a region claimed and
governed by a country from another
part of the world
 imperialism is the policy and colony
is the result
 They where the site of power by
which European countries could
control their newly claimed land

5. Economic model for colonies
 European governments created a economic
model for colonies to work off called
MERCANTILISM
 Natural resources are cheap (furs)
 manufactured goods are expensive (hats)
 This made European countries profitable

6. Monopolies
 The complete control of a resource by one
company
 Charter = a set of rules and privileges granted to
a company by a King or Government
 European governments would give monopolies on
certain lands to a company in exchange the
merchant created and ran a permanent settlement
 The companies make money, they get taxed and
the government get’s their interests in the New
World Expanded

7. GLO – How was Imperialism
responsible for the development
of Acadia, New France and
British Settlements

8. Question and Answer Challenge
 You will be assigned to develop questions for
either New France, 13 Colonies, or Rupert’s land
 Generate one good question for each of the
following concepts
 Cause and effect
 Geographical challenges, or issues
 Challenges of coexistence
 demographics
 Imperialism
 Economic structure
 Social structure
 After you are done creating a question, you will
exchange it with 2 partners who worked on a
different topic

9. Good and bad Questions
 Good questions require thought and decision
making
 bad questions require simple one word answers
 ex. What caused France to lose control of Acadia?
 ex. When did France lose control of Acadia?
 You can use the map and timeline to generate your
questions
 Better questions use words like:
 compare, contrast, outline, create, design, revise, judge,
decide, choose, value
 Also look at page 75 for ideas

10. Scoring Criteria
 You will not be marked on your answers to your
questions
 You will mark each other on how good the
question was
 So when this is completed I will collect from each
group a score for each others questions
 Scoring Criteria
 1 – questions are simple and requires one word
answers
 2 – questions are simple but require point form
answers
 3 – questions are good (use key words) and require
point form answers
 4 – questions are good (use key words) and require

11. In what ways did European Colonialism
affect the social and economic
structures of Aboriginal Societies?

12. The Beautiful Trail
 pressure to change
 Religious pressure placed on First Nations to
change their religion in order to create a greater tie
to Europe
 First Nations believed this would create more
equality between them and Europeans, improve
relations
 Possible effects
 better ties with European nations
 thought of as a civilized nation, they would not be
invaded
 loss of their own spiritual identity

13. Beaver Wars
 Pressure to Change
 War with Haudenosaunee has devistated the
Kichesiprini peoples with war over trade
aggreements
 the Haudenosaunee can not trade for manufactured
goods because they have no aggreement
 War and disease has devistated the Kichesiprini
 They look for safety from the French, but must
become Catholic to get it
 Possible Effects
 convert and gain safety, but lose spiritual and
personal rights
 do not convert and many will die, but remain free

14. Affect of Disease
 First Nations had no immunity to European
diseases
 the first nations faced epidemics of small pox,
measles and tuberculosis
 I have heard estimates from historians that 90% of
the First Nations population died due to European
diseases
 Reason, when they got sick, no one to take care of
them
 Old likely to get sick first and children
 Old people where their leaders, and contained all their
cultural knowledge

15. Brothers and Enemies
 Pressure to change
 The French are at war with the Haudenosaunee
because the French are in their territory and would
not trade with them
 The Haudensosaunee have to adopt other peoples
into their tribe because they have lost so many to
disease and war fare
 They must ally with the Europeans in order to
survive, because they need the guns
 Possible Effects
 They adopt so many differing nationalities they lose
their own
 They continue war fare could lead to their deaths

16. GLO – How does imperialism affect the people living in
colonies.
We are going to explore the colonists of New France

17. Social Structure of New France
 Most important people were born into the
Aristocracy
 Aristocracy = wealthy ruling class (land
owners)
 Merchants were often wealthy but did not
own land
 Church was important as well
 influence on the King
 moral direction of people(some of the
time)
 took care of the people (education,
hospitals)

18. Sovereign Council
 Rulers of New France
 Included:
 Governer – represented the King
 controlled the military
 diplomat to the First Nations
 Intendant – chief adminstrator
 ran the day to day tasks
 responsible for colonies basic needs and making it less
dependent on France
 looked for ways to exploit the colony for France benefit
 Bishop of Quebec – representation of the Catholic
Church
 responsible for moral guidence

19. Frontenac
 1672 was appointed governer of New France
 was posted this because he was in the Aristocracy,
but was in debt, to keep his land he had to accept
this appointment
 this was not a good appointment
 how can you tell that from the story at the top of page 89?

20. Habitants
 Farmers who lived on seigneuries
 Seigneurs were people given large plots of land by
the King in New France
 Land lords – often part of the nobility, could be
commoners, many were soldiers
 To keep the land, they had to recruit settlers to farm
the land, inhabitants or “Habitants”
 In exchange for the rights to farm habitants had to :
 clear the land, plant crops, build a house and pay the
seigneur’s to grind their grain into flour ontop of farming the
seigneurs land as well
 some gave up and became fur traders

21. Signueries

23. Marie Claude Chamois
 Read pages 92-93
 Came to France as a “daughter of the King”
 orphan, found shelter in a religious order or
government institution for the needy
 daughters of the King where provided with a dowry
which paid for the girls to get across the Atlantic so
they could marry Soldiers and Habitants of New
France
 what was her life like in New France?
 was this an improvement?

24. Merchants
 Shop owners in New France
 shops:
 blacksmith
 shoemaker
 mason
 baker
 butcher
 Many where traders in the fur industry
 shipped goods between France and New France
 bought the furs from the trappers and shipped them
to France

25. Jean- Alexis Lemoine
 Read pages 99-100
 What type of business did he own?
 How was he able to set it up?

26. Coureur de Bois
 Means runner in the woods
 someone who worked in the Fur Trade
 ran in the forest to trade with the First Nations
 Worked independently at first
 Eventually the French Government made this
illegal (they where not making profits off of these
guys)
 they continued any way, even sold to the British
 weren't the British and French at war with one
another?

27. Voyageur
 Means traveler
 Men who travelled from New France to the
trading posts and brought goods to the posts and
furs back to New France

28. Pierre –Esprit Radisson
 Read page 96-97
 Was a Courer de bois
 Worked for both the British and the French,
however he was French
 Early on to his life in New France he was captured
by First Nations tribe and adopted by one of their
families
 why?
 First European to explore and trade furs west of
Lake Superior
 French arrested him, why?
 British used his information to form the Hudson Bay
Company

29. Catholic Church
 Europe was embroiled in the division between
Protestants and Catholics
 Jesuits (Catholic Missionary Order) came to New
France in the early 1600’s to convert First Nations
 They are the major source of information about First
Nations before European conquest
 Church was also responsible for:
 running schools
 hospitals
 orphanages
 They also where part of the ruling class

30. Marguerite d’Youville
 Read page 103
 How did her work start the Grey Nuns?

31. Chapter 3 Review
 Do the review questions on page 104