This slideshow is adopted from Prof.Jacob to help students of MBA to know the effect of global warming.

1. Climate Change Issues
in India
By
Dr.C.Thomson Jacob,
Senior Programme Officer,
ENVIS Centre, Department of Environment.
Adopted by Dr.K.Prabhakar for Presentation to students with greatful thanks to Prof. Thomson Jacob.

3. Global Warming
• Global warming is the increase in the average measured
temperature of the Earth's near-surface air and oceans since
the mid-20th century, and its projected continuation.
• The average global air temperature near the Earth's surface
increased 0.74 ± 0.18 °C (1.33 ± 0.32 °F) during the 100 years
ending in 2005.
Source: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

4. Greenhouse effect
103 Watt per m3
343 Watt per m3
240 Watt per m3
Source: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

5. Co2 Concentration in 2007
The 2007 rise in global carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations is tied with 2005 as
the third highest since atmospheric measurements began in 1958. The red line
shows the trend together with seasonal variations. The black line indicates the
trend that emerges when the seasonal cycle has been removed. (Credit: NOAA)

6. Greenhouse gases
• Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Natural
• Methane (CH4)
• Nitrous oxide (N2O)
• Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
• Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) Manmade
• Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6)
Source: Kyoto Protocol- Annexure A

7. Rising levels of greenhouse gases
Source: Dr L Gohar and Prof K Shine, Dept. of Meteorology, University of Reading
Source: Stern Review

8. Energy utilisation
18% 11%
9%
5%
3%
11%
4%
39%
Fridge TV Fan Computer AC Heater/Geyser Appliances Light

9. Energy
3.1 7.6
India
Production
24.8
COAL
53.4
RE
0.9
TN vs India 10.2
Coal Gas Oil
Hydro Nuclear Renewable
3% TN
29% 42%
3%
16% 7%
Coal & Lignite Gas Hydro
Nuclear Renewable other

10. Biodiversity, the living fabric of this
planet, is not a gas. It exists in many
layers,ecosystems, species and genes
across many scales -- international,
national, local, community

11. that, in fact, we were losing natural
capital -- the benefits that flow
from nature to us.

12. We were losing it at an
extraordinary rate -- in fact, of the
order of two to four trillion dollars-
worth of natural capital.

13. The Amazon rainforests. It's a massive store of carbon, it's an amazing store of
biodiversity, but what people don't really know is this also is a rain factory. Because the
northeastern trade winds, as they go over the Amazonas, effectively gather the water
vapor. Something like 20 billion tons per day of water vapor is sucked up by the northeastern
trade winds, and eventually precipitates in the form of rain across the La Plata Basin. This
rainfall cycle, this rainfall factory, effectively feeds an agricultural economy of the order of 240
billion dollars-worth in Latin America. But the question arises: Okay, so how much do Uruguay,
Paraguay, Argentina and indeed the state of Mato Grosso in Brazil pay for that vital input to
that economy to the state of Amazonas, which produces that rainfall?And the answer is
zilch, exactly zero.

14. Impacts of Climate Change
Forests
Biodiversity
Impact of rise in temperature
of 1.8oC to 4oC
Agriculture
Coastlines

15. Climate Change Impact in India
• Rajasthan- Drought
• Rann of Kutch – sea level rise
• Mumbai-Salt water intrusion
• Kerala –Productivity of Forest
• Tamil Nadu-Coral bleaching
• Ganges – Sedimentation problem
• Sunderbans-Sea level raise
• Northwest India-reduction In rice yield

16. Case study:1 Impact on Agriculture
Effect on apple cultivation
• Kullu Valley, Himachal Pradesh
Experienced a number of crop failures in the last
15 years
• Apple belt has moved 30 kilometers
[northwards] over the last 50 years
• Apple growers, says attributed poor production
to reduced snowfall and its changed timing.

17. Source: Journal of Ecological Anthropology Vol. 10 2006

18. • Shift in Agriculture
• Apple cultivation is affected in Kullu Valley
• Apple belt has moved 30 KM nothwards
• Forest resources were removed

19. 2. Ganga under threat from warming
• Himalayan source of the Ganga is drying up at a
rate of 40 yards a year, nearly twice as fast as two
decades ago, and that some of these glaciers
might disappear by 2030.
• In the dry summer months, the Gangotri glacier
provides up to 70 percent of the water of the
Ganga.
• According to a UN climate report, the shrinking
glaciers also threaten Asia’s supply of fresh
water.
Source: New Indian Express

20. Source: New Indian Express

21. 3. Impact on Coastal Orissa
• The Satavaya region, once a cluster of seven
villages.
• Only two out of the seven villages exists the
other five villages have been submerged.
• The Coastal villages have been affected by
cyclone and floods killing more than 30,000
people.
• The sea has ingressed to about 1.5 km into
Satavaya and 2.5 km into Kanakpur. Satavaya has
also lost 56% of its mangrove vegetation.

22. Global Impacts
• The largest glacier on Mount Kenya has lost
92% of its mass
• Sea levels have risen by 10 - 25 cm
• The thickness of sea ice in the arctic has
decreased by 40%.

23. • The Common Murre has advanced breeding
by 24 days per decade over the past 50 years
in response to higher temperatures.

24. • The Baltimore oriole is shifting northward and
may soon disappear entirely from the
Baltimore area.

25. • Polar bear populations are coming under
threat as food becomes harder to hunt.

26. India’s Initiatives
• Signed UNFCC on 10th June 1992
• India ratified the Kyoto protocol
• India has a National Action Plan on Climate Change
– National Solar Mission
– National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency
– National Mission on Sustainable Habitat
– National Water Mission
– National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem
– National Mission for a “ Green India”
– National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture
– National Mission on Strategic Mission on Climate Change

27. India’s Initiatives
• India has a well developed policy, legislative
regulatory & programmatic regime
• For promotion of Energy efficiency, renewable
energy, nuclear power, fuel switching, energy
pricing reform addressing GHG emission

28. Per-capita Carbon –dioxide emission (Metric Tons)
Country in metric tons
USA 20.01
Europe 9.40
Japan 9.87
China 3.60
Russia 11.71
India 1.02
World average 4.25

29. THANK YOU