Presentation by Kathleen Ludewig Omollo on April 26, 2012 to St Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College in Addis Ababa. CC BY The Regents of the University of Michigan.

1. Introduction to Open Educational
Resources for Health Training
Kathleen Ludewig Omollo
International Program Manager
University of Michigan Medical School Office of Enabling Tech.
April 26, 2012 – St. Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College
Slides at: http://openmi.ch/sphmmc-oer-intro
Except where otherwise noted, this work is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0). Copyright 2012 The Regents of the University of Michigan.
Cover image CC:BY-SA Jessica Duensing (Flickr)
1

2. 2
PATH
•Copyright Trivia
•What is “Open”?
•Example: African Health Open Educational Resources
(OER) Network
•How to Create Your Own OER
•Discussion: OER for Ob/Gyn at SPHMMC
Image CC:BY-NC-SA werkunz (Flickr)

3. Image CC:BY gmahender (Flickr) 3

4. What rights are
included in
copyright?
(hint: there are 5)
Image CC:BY Ute Hagen (Flickr) 4

5. Copyright holders have the exclusive right to do and
to authorize others to do the following:
3. Reproduce the work in whole or in part
4. Prepare derivative works, such as translations,
dramatizations, and musical arrangements
5. Distribute copies of the work by sale, gift, rental, or
loan
6. Publicly display the work
7. Publicly perform the work
5

6. Under © it is illegal to:
•Translate works (derivative)
•Copy someone else’s photo, slides, report, or
other work (without permission)
•Dramatize a work (performance)
•Reproduce in whole or in part (without
permission)
•Make copies of a work (distribution)
Image CC:BY OpenCage (wikipedia) 6

7. 7
What is the purpose of ©?
Image CC:BY ewiemann (Flickr)

8. • 1710, Great Britain:“For the Encouragement of
Learned Men to Compose and Write useful
Books…” - Source: “An Act For the
Encouragement of Learning” by Queen Anne
• 1788, U.S.: “To promote the progress of Science
and Useful Arts, by securing for limited times to
authors and inventors the exclusive right to their
respective writings and discoveries.”
• 1952, Universal Copyright Convention: “ensure
respect for the rights of the individual and
encourage the development of literature, the
sciences and the arts.”
8 Image CC:BY-SA Loz Pycock (Flickr)

9. 9
Notable International Treaties
Regarding Copyright:
•1886: Berne Convention for the
Protection of Literary and Artistic Works
•1952: Universal Copyright Convention
•1988: Berne Convention
Implementation Act
•1995: Trade-Related Aspects of
Intellectual Property Rights
Image CC:BY tuppus (Flickr)

10. Takeaway:
•Goal: To advance
knowledge
•How: Exclusive rights
on creative works for
limited times
10 Image CC:BY-NC Cayusa (Flickr)

11. “Limited times” = ?
11 Image CC:BY TJ Morris (Flickr)

12. Which of these is necessary to
copyright a work?
A. Tangible form?
B. Publication?
C. Copyright symbol ©?
D. Registration?
E. Effort?
F. Creative Expression?
G. Uniqueness?
12

13. Which of these is necessary to
copyright a work?
13

14. Copyright occurs automatically
at the creation of a new work,
when it is fixed in tangible form.
This means that almost
Image CC:BY Horia Varlan (
flickr)
everything is copyrighted--
not just published material but
also your lecture slides, your
speaker notes, your drafts, your
whiteboard/blackboard drawings,
your snapshots...
14

15. What is a license?
Licenses let people know
how they may use a
copyrighted work.
Image CC:BY-SA lumaxart (Flickr) 15

16. Free
Public
Under some licenses to use, adapt, redistribute
Image CC:BY-SA Colleen Simon (Flickr)
16

17. All Rights Reserved
(default)
17

18. Types of Open Licenses:
Creative Commons is one example
Some Rights Reserved
(www.creativecommons.org)
18

19. BY :: Attribution
You let others copy, distribute, display, and
perform your copyrighted work but only if
they give you credit.
19

20. NC :: Noncommercial
You let others copy, distribute, display, and
perform your copyrighted work but for
noncommercial purposes only.
20

21. SA :: Share Alike
You let others copy, distribute, display, and
perform your copyrighted work as long as
any derivative work is licensed under the
same license.
21

22. Learning
Creativity
Sharing
Public All Rights
Domain Reserved
least restrictive most restrictive
Adaptability means…
Translation
Localization
Bridge materials
Innovation
Collaboration 22

23. Case Study: African
Health OER Network
Image CC:BY-NC Jon Milet Baker (Flickr) 23

24. Motivations:
Challenges to Health Education in Africa
•low budget, small workforce, high disease
burden
•scarce, aging, and emigrating teaching staff
•not enough instructors or classroom spaces
•repetitive instructional responsibilities
•and….
Image CC:BY Phil Roeder (Flickr) 24

25. large lectures &
crowded clinical situations
25 Image CC:BY-NC University of Ghana

26. 26
When you look in
textbooks it’s difficult to
find African cases. The
cases may be pretty
similar but sometimes it
can be confusing when
you see something that
you see on white skin so
nicely and very easy to
pick up, but on the dark
skin it has a different
manifestation that may be
difficult to see.
-Richard Phillips, lecturer,
Department of Internal
Image CC:BY-NC-SA Kwame Nkrumah
Medicine, KNUST (Ghana) University of Science and Technology

27. The mission of the African
Health Open Educational
Resources (OER) Network (est.
2008) is to advance health
education in Africa by creating
and promoting free, openly
licensed teaching materials
created by Africans to share
knowledge, address curriculum
gaps, and support health
education communities. www.oerafrica.org/healthoer
27

28. Gather Existing Materials
Assist health professionals in finding materials that
are free, electronic, and openly licensed (i.e.
expressly allow the general public to use, adapt,
copy, and redistribute)
APPROACH
Facilitate
Discussion
Foster dialogue
between health
professionals around
pedagogy, policy,
peer review, and openness
via onsite consultation,
discussion lists, conference
calls, and newsletters
28

29. Example: KNUST and UG (Ghana)
Challenge
Electronic learning activities are
not widespread; health
instructors do not have time to
learn multimedia skills.
Approach
•KNUST: Multidisciplinary
collaborations with the College of
Image CC:BY-NC-SA Kwame Nkrumah
Art University of Science and Technology
•University of Ghana (UG): Hire (KNUST)
external multimedia specialists
29

30. Example: Ghana
Challenge
Would like to focus
materials development on
clinical exams and surgical
procedures
Approach
Update informed consent
procedures to allow for
public use
30 Image CC:BY Alan Cleaver (Flickr)

31. 31
Community Usage
•160 people •8500 views/mo
trained in open on website
licenses •Accessed in 190+
•115 authors countries
•12 institutions •861K views on
YouTube
Collection •795 favorites on
•135 modules YouTube
•339 materials •173 comments
•144 videos (906 on YouTube
minutes)
Image CC:BY-NC-SA HeyThereSpaceman (flickr)

32. Visualization of greatest word frequency in Youtube comments – from wordle.com.
http://wiki.datawithoutborders.cc/index.php?title=Project:Current_events:A2_DD 32

33. 33
Remix Example
Image CC:BY-NC-SA Saide and University of Botswana

34. Remix Example:
From This
34

35. 35
Remix Example:
To This
http://blogs.uct.ac.za/blog/oer-uct/2010/11/12/from-uct-opencontent-to-a-journal-article

36. Remix Example:
From This
36

37. Remix Example:
To This
37

38. 38
Opportunities to Collaborate
http://openmi.ch/healthoernetwork-connect
3 communities: audio conference + email list
•Partners Forum (senior leadership)
•Tech (multimedia and tech support staff)
•dScribe (students, ©)
Newsletter
(http://openmi.ch/healthoernetwork-newsletter)
Image CC:BY-SA lumaxart (Flickr)

39. How to share your own content
(or help someone else share theirs)
39 Image CC:BY-NC-SA 10000spoons (Flickr)

40. It's easiest to create open
content from the start.
40

41. Start now by making a small
change in how you create your
own content.
41

42. What does this mean for you?
http://open.umich.edu/share
42

43. Hmm…
Image CC:BY-NC-SA
betsyjean79 (flickr) 43

44. EXAMPLE DISCLAIMER
& TITLE SLIDE
Author(s): John Doe, MD; Jane Doe, PhD, 2009
License: Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
We have reviewed this material in accordance with U.S. Copyright Law and have tried to maximize
your ability to use, share, and adapt it.
Copyright holders of content included in this material should contact open.michigan@umich.edu with
any questions, corrections, or clarification regarding the use of content.
For more information about how to cite these materials visit http://open.umich.edu/privacy-and-terms-use.
Any medical information in this material is intended to inform and educate and is not a tool for self-
diagnosis or a replacement for medical evaluation, advice, diagnosis or treatment by a healthcare
professional. Please speak to your physician if you have questions about your medical condition.
Viewer discretion is advised: Some medical content is graphic and may not be suitable for all viewers.

45. On Slide Learning about Orchids 45
Lady Finger Phalaenopsis A Phalaenopsis hybrid
add some extra information in the
attribution: author, source (name and
link), license (name and link)
Lady Finger Orchid CC:BY aussiegall (flickr) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
phalaenopsis CC:BY audreyjm529 (flickr) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
Phalaenopsis hybrid CC:BY-SA Zizonus (flickr) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/

46. Additional Source Information
Slide 3: Janeway. Immunobiology : The Immune System in Health and
Disease. Current Biology Ltd./Garland Publishing, Inc. 1997
Slide 4: Spinach is Good” Center for Disease Control; Life Magazine.
January 17, 1938; rejon, http://openclipart.org/media/files/rejon/11221
Slide 5: Goody Two Shoes - McLoughlin Bro's (New-York) 1888
Slide 6: Jot Powers, “Bounty Hunter”, Wikimedia Commons,
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bounty_hunter_2.JPG, CC: BY-
SA 2.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/
Example at the end of the presentation
46

47. What if you want to make your
existing work available under
an open license?
47

48. What types of third-party
(i.e. created by someone other
than you) objects might you
encounter?
48

49. What should you do with them?
49

50. main policy concerns to publicly sharing content
:: copyright : copyright law grants limited
exclusive rights to authors of creative
works
:: product endorsement : avoiding the
appearance of endorsing a product or
organization
:: privacy : the protection of an individual’s
(student, instructor, patient) privacy
50

51. possible actions
:: retain : keep the content because it is
licensed under an open license or is in the
public domain
:: replace : you may want to replace content
that is not openly licensed (and thus not
shareable)
:: remove : you may need to remove content
due to privacy, endorsement, or copyright
concerns
51

52. Discussion: OER for Ob/Gyn Residents
at SPHMMC
52

53. Content
3.Which key elements in core curricula are amenable
to self-learning?
4.What are the relevant learning objectives for the
OER modules used/created?
5.Where may existing OER be used wholely or
adapted for the curriculum?
6.In what ways can you adapt OER from another
institution to fit SPHMMC context?
53

54. Obstetrics and Gynaecology OER from African Health OER
Network
http://www.oerafrica.org/healthoer or
http://openmi.ch/healthoernetwork
4.Caesarean Section
5.Episiotomy & Repair
6.Examination of the Pregnant Woman
7.Procedures in Obstetrics and Gynaecology
8.Sexually-Transmitted Diseases and Pelvic Infections
9.Total Abdominal Hysterectomy
10.University Certificate in Midwifery
11.Textbook of Urogynaecology
12.Surgical Repair of Vesico-Vaginal Fistulae (VVF)
13.Clinical Examinations in Gynaecology Collection, including:
1. Basic Guidelines and History Taking
2. General Physical Examination in Gynaecology
3. Examination of the Abdomen
4. Pelvic Examination
54

55. Pediatrics OER from African Health OER Network
http://www.oerafrica.org/healthoer or
http://openmi.ch/healthoernetwork
4.Clinical Examinations in Paediatrics Collection, including:
1. General Physical Examination
2. Examination of the Respiratory System
3. Examination of the Cardiovascular System
4. Examination of the Abdomen
5. Overview of the Central Nervous System (CNS)
6. CNS Examination of Smell and Sight
7. CNS Examination of Facial Nerve and Hearing
8. Examination of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
9. CNS Examination of the Legs
10. Examination of the Musculoskeletal System
11. Examination of the New Born: Part 1
12. Examination of the New Born: Part 2
13. Examination of the Ear, Nose, and Throat Systems
5.Case Scenarios In Pediatric Practices
6.Gastric Lavage Procedure Animation
7.South African Child Gauge 2009/2010 55

56. Relevant Pharmacology OER from African Health OER Network
http://www.oerafrica.org/healthoer or
http://openmi.ch/healthoernetwork
4. One Step Pregnancy Dipstick Test
56

57. Community Healthcare Worker materials from Open University
UK Health Education and Training in Africa (HEAT)
http://www8.open.ac.uk/africa/heat/heat-resources
4.Adolescent and Youth Reproductive Health
5.Antenatal Care
6.Communicable Diseases
7.Family Planning
8.Health Education, Advocacy and Community Mobilisation
9.Health Management, Ethics and Research
10.Hygiene and Environmental Health
11.Immunization
12.Integrated Management of Newborn and Childhood Illness
13.Labour and Delivery Care
14.Non-Communicable Diseases, Emergency Care and Mental Health
15.Nutrition
16.Postnatal Care
57

58. M1 Endrochrinology and Reproduction from University of
Michigan Medical School
http://open.umich.edu/education/med/m1/endo-repro/winter2008/
4.Syllabus
5.01.26.09: Histology of the Endocrine System
6.01.28.09(a): Nutrition Assessment
7.01.28.09(b): Histology of the Male Reproductive System
58

59. M2 Reproduction from University of Michigan Medical School
http://open.umich.edu/education/med/m2/repro/2010
4.Breast Lab
5.Gestational Lab
6.Ovary Testes Lab
7.Uterine Lab
8.03.15.11: Your Patient Has Breast Cancer Until You Prove She Doesn’t
9.03.16.09: Clinical Aspects of the Menstrual Cycle
10.03.18.09: Clinical Aspects of Gynecologic Diseases
11.03.19.09: Benign and Malignant Diseases of the Testis and Scrotum
12.Ob/Gyn Learning Resources from the African Health OER Network
13.Surgical Excision of a Multi-Lobular, Recurrent, Bartholin Duct Cyst
14.Daily Schedule: M2 Reproduction
15.03.18.09(a): Gynecologic Diseases
16.03.18.09(b): Abortion
17.03.18.09(c): Ovary Pathology
18.03.19.09(a): Testicular Disease
19.03.19.09(b): Testicular Pathology
20.03.20.09: Androgens
59

60. Policy
3.Who owns the copyright to the materials intended
to be shared as OER - the faculty or the institution?
4.Under which Creative Commons license will the
OER be shared?
5.How will you ensure the quality of the OER?
6.If you intend to include record video or audio for a
demonstration (e.g. surgical procedure), how will you
obtain permission from patients or students being
recorded?
http://open.umich.edu/education/med/oernetwork/guid
60

61. Professional Development
3.Are teaching staff familiar with multimedia and
instructional design principles?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-fGBoacMRxE
5.Do teaching staff know where to find OER and
other open content to adapt for their own OER?
http://open.umich.edu/share/use
7.Who will be responsible for assisting and training
faculty with technology and instructional design for
OER? (e.g. existing technology or library staff)
61

62. Technological Infrastructure
3.What is the desired format of the OER (e.g. text-
based, narrated lectures, video)?
5.How will you use to distribute the OER (e.g. media
types, file formats, soft copy or hard copy)?
7.What are the technological factors affecting OER
production and dissemination? (e.g. student and
faculty access to & attitudes toward technology,
classroom environment, network instrastructure,
technology support staff)
62

63. Concluding Remarks
OER and content development are not an end but one
facet of an approach to enhancing instruction.
•Collection of 19 video interviews in Ghana about
OER: http://www.youtube.com/playlist?
list=PLF4EC45F2B54D6112
•Open Health at UMMS Video: http://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=LGtevQ9xCkI
Image CC:BY Willi Heidelbach (Flickr) 63

64. Image CC:BY Karrie Nodalo (flickr)
This presentation builds upon slides from other
Open.Michigan team members, including:
Emily Puckett Rodgers, Pieter Kleymeer, Garin
Fons, Greg Grossmeier, Susan Topol, Dave
Malicke, Ted Hanss, and Erik Hofer 64

65. Questions?
Kathleen Omollo: kludewig@umich.edu
65 Image CC:BY-NC-SA Oberazzi (Flickr)