This study guide is intended to provide those pursuing the CCNA certification with a framework of what concepts need to be studied. This is not a comprehensive document containing all the secrets of the CCNA, nor is it a “braindump” of questions and answers. I sincerely hope that this document provides some assistance and clarity in your studies.

1. Static Routing For Multiple
Routers - Network Diagram
10.0.0.1/8
S0
HYD
11.0.0.1/8
S0
S1
10.0.0.2/8
E0
192.168.1.150/24
LAN - 192.168.1.0/24
CHE
S1
11.0.0.2/8
E0
192.168.2.150/24
LAN - 192.168.2.0/24
BAN
E0
192.168.3.150/2
LAN - 192.168.3.0/24
1

2. Disadvantages of Static Routing
• Administrative work is more.
• Compulsory need of Destination Network ID’s
• Used for only Small organizations
• It cannot dynamically update topology changes.
2

3. Default Routing
• A Default routing protocol is configured for
unknown destinations.
• Generally used in the internet where the destinations
are unknown.
Example : The address of yahoo is unknown.
• Configured at end points
• It is the last preferred routing
3

4. Default Routing - Real Time Example
INTERNET
HYD
E0
192.168.1.150/24
E0
202.54.30.150/24
LAN - 192.168.1.0/24
IP 202.54.30.1/24
4

5. Default Routing - Network Diagram
10.0.0.1/8
S0
HYD
11.0.0.1/8
S0
S1
10.0.0.2/8
E0
192.168.1.150/24
LAN - 192.168.1.0/24
CHE
S1
11.0.0.2/8
E0
192.168.2.150/24
LAN - 192.168.2.0/24
BAN
E0
192.168.3.150/2
LAN - 192.168.3.0/24
5

6. 6

7. Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195]
(C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp.
C:> telnet 192.168.1.150
Connecting .....
================================
Welcome to Hyderabad Router
Directly Connected Networks on
================================
Directly Connected Networks on
HYDERABAD Router
User Access Verification
HYDERABAD Router
192.168.1.0
password : ****
192.168.1.0
Hyderabad> enable
10.0.0.0
10.0.0.0
password : ****
Hyderabad# configure terminal
Indirectly Connected line. End with CNTL/Z.
Indirectly Connected Networks on
Enter configuration commands, one perNetworks on
HYDERABAD
Hyderabad(config)# interface serial 0Router
HYDERABAD Router
Hyderabad(config-if)# ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
192.168.2.0
192.168.2.0
Hyderabad(config-if)# no shut
192.168.3.0
192.168.3.0
Hyderabad(config-if)# clockrate 64000
11.0.0.0
11.0.0.0
Hyderabad(config-if)# encapsulation hdlc
Hyderabad(config-if)# exit
Hyderabad(config)#
7
Diagram

8. Hyderabad(config)#
Hyderabad(config)#
Hyderabad(config)#
Hyderabad(config)#
Hyderabad(config)#
Hyderabad(config)#
no
ip
ip
ip
ip
ip routing
routing
route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.2
route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.2
route 11.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 10.0.0.2
8
Diagram

9. Hyderabad(config)# no ip routing
Hyderabad(config)# ip routing
Hyderabad(config)# ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.2
Hyderabad(config)# ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.2
Hyderabad(config)# ip route 11.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 10.0.0.2
Hyderabad(config)# ^Z
Hyderabad# show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i- IS-IS, L1-IS-IS level-1, L2-IS-IS level-2,*- candidate default
U - per-user static route, o - ODR
Gateway of last resort is not set
C
10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0
S
11.0.0.0/8 [1/0] via 10.0.0.2
C
192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
S
192.168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 10.0.0.2
S
192.168.3.0/24 [1/0] via 10.0.0.2
Hyderabad#
9
Diagram

10. Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195]
(C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp.
C:> telnet 192.168.2.150
Connecting .....
================================
Welcome to Chennai Router
Directly Connected Networks on
================================
Directly Connected Networks on
CHENNAI Router
User Access VerificationCHENNAI Router
192.168.2.0
password : ****
192.168.2.0
Chennai> enable
10.0.0.0
10.0.0.0
password : ****
11.0.0.0
11.0.0.0
Chennai# configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Indirectly serial 1
Chennai(config)# interfaceConnected Networks on
Indirectly Connected Networks on
Chennai(config-if)# ip address 10.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
CHENNAI Router
CHENNAI Router
Chennai(config-if)# no shut
192.168.1.0
192.168.1.0
Chennai(config-if)# encapsulation hdlc
192.168.3.0
192.168.3.0
Chennai(config-if)# interface serial 0
Chennai(config-if)# ip address 11.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
Chennai(config-if)# no shut
Chennai(config-if)# encapsulation hdlc
Diagram
10

11. Chennai(config-if)# exit
Chennai(config)# no ip routing
Chennai(config)# ip routing
Chennai(config)# ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.1
Chennai(config)# ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 11.0.0.2
Chennai(config)#
11
Diagram

12. Chennai(config-if)# exit
Chennai(config)# no ip routing
Chennai(config)# ip routing
Chennai(config)# ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.1
Chennai(config)# ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 11.0.0.2
Chennai(config)# ^Z
Chennai# show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i- IS-IS, L1-IS-IS level-1, L2-IS-IS level-2,*- candidate default
U - per-user static route, o - ODR
Gateway of last resort is not set
C
10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial1
C
11.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0
S
192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 10.0.0.1
C
192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
S
192.168.3.0/24 [1/0] via 11.0.0.2
Chennai#
12
Diagram

13. Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195]
(C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp.
C:> telnet 192.168.3.150
Connecting .....
================================
Welcome to Banglore Router
Directly Connected Networks on
================================
Directly Connected Networks on
Banglore Router
User Access Verification Banglore Router
192.168.3.0
password : ****
192.168.3.0
Banglore> enable
11.0.0.0
11.0.0.0
password : ****
Banglore# configure terminal
Indirectly Connected line. End with CNTL/Z.
Indirectly Connected Networks on
Enter configuration commands, one perNetworks on
Banglore Router
Banglore(config)# interface serial Router
Banglore 1
Banglore(config-if)# ip address 11.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
192.168.1.0
192.168.1.0
Banglore(config-if)# no shut
192.168.2.0
192.168.2.0
Banglore(config-if)# clockrate 64000
10.0.0.0
10.0.0.0
Banglore(config-if)# encapsulation hdlc
Banglore(config-if)# exit
Banglore(config)#
13
Diagram

14. Banglore(config)# no
Banglore(config)# ip
Banglore(config)# ip
Banglore(config)# ip
Banglore(config)# ip
Banglore(config)#
ip routing
routing
route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 11.0.0.1
route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 11.0.0.1
route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 11.0.0.1
14
Diagram

15. Banglore(config)# no ip routing
Banglore(config)# ip routing
Banglore(config)# ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 11.0.0.1
Banglore(config)# ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 11.0.0.1
Banglore(config)# ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 11.0.0.1
Banglore(config)# ^Z
Banglore# show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i- IS-IS, L1-IS-IS level-1, L2-IS-IS level-2,*- candidate default
U - per-user static route, o - ODR
Gateway of last resort is not set
S
10.0.0.0/8 [1/0] via 11.0.0.1
C
11.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial1
S
192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 11.0.0.1
S
192.168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 11.0.0.1
C
192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
Banglore#
15
Diagram

16. Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195]
(C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp.
C:> telnet 192.168.1.150
Connecting .....
================================
Welcome to Hyderabad Router
================================
User Access Verification
password : ****
Hyderabad> enable
password : ****
Hyderabad# configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Hyderabad(config)# interface serial 0
Hyderabad(config-if)# ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
Hyderabad(config-if)# no shut
Hyderabad(config-if)# clockrate 64000
Hyderabad(config-if)# encapsulation hdlc
Hyderabad(config-if)# exit
Hyderabad(config)#
16
Diagram

17. Hyderabad(config)# no ip routing
Hyderabad(config)# ip routing
Hyderabad(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0
Hyderabad(config)#
Configuring Default Route
Configuring Default Route
Router(config)# ip route <Destination Network ID>
Router(config)# ip route <Destination Network ID>
<Destination Subnet Mask>
<Destination Subnet Mask>
<Next-hop IP address >
<Next-hop IP address >
Or
Or
Router(config)# ip route <Destination Network ID>
Router(config)# ip route <Destination Network ID>
<Destination Subnet Mask>
<Destination Subnet Mask>
<Exit interface type><interface number>
<Exit interface type><interface number>
17
Diagram

18. Hyderabad(config)# no ip routing
Hyderabad(config)# ip routing
Hyderabad(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0
Hyderabad(config)# ^Z
Hyderabad# show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i- IS-IS, L1-IS-IS level-1, L2-IS-IS level-2,*- candidate default
U - per-user static route, o - ODR
Gateway of last resort is not set
C
10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0
C
192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
S*
0.0.0.0/0 is directly connected, Serial0
Hyderabad#
* – for Default Route
* – for Default Route
18
Diagram

19. Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195]
(C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp.
C:> telnet 192.168.3.150
Connecting .....
================================
Welcome to Banglore Router
================================
User Access Verification
password : ****
Banglore> enable
password : ****
Banglore# configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Banglore(config)# interface serial 1
Banglore(config-if)# ip address 11.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
Banglore(config-if)# no shut
Banglore(config-if)# clockrate 64000
Banglore(config-if)# encapsulation hdlc
Banglore(config-if)# exit
Banglore(config)#
19
Diagram

20. Banglore(config)# no ip routing
Banglore(config)# ip routing
Banglore(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s1
Banglore(config)#
20
Diagram

21. Banglore(config)# no ip routing
Banglore(config)# ip routing
Banglore(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s1
Banglore(config)# ^Z
Banglore# show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i- IS-IS, L1-IS-IS level-1, L2-IS-IS level-2,*- candidate default
U - per-user static route, o - ODR
Gateway of last resort is not set
C
11.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial1
C
192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
S*
0.0.0.0/0 is directly connected, Serial1
Banglore#
* – for Default Route
* – for Default Route
21
Diagram

22. Hyderabad(config)# no ip routing
Hyderabad(config)# ip routing
Hyderabad(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0
Hyderabad(config)# ^Z
Hyderabad# show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i- IS-IS, L1-IS-IS level-1, L2-IS-IS level-2,*- candidate default
U - per-user static route, o - ODR
Gateway of last resort is not set
C
10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0
C
192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
S*
0.0.0.0/0 is directly connected, Serial0
Hyderabad# ping 192.168.3.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.3.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 ms
Hyderabad#
22
Diagram

23. Banglore(config)# no ip routing
Banglore(config)# ip routing
Banglore(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s1
Banglore(config)# ^Z
Banglore# show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i- IS-IS, L1-IS-IS level-1, L2-IS-IS level-2,*- candidate default
U - per-user static route, o - ODR
Gateway of last resort is not set
C
11.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial1
C
192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
S*
0.0.0.0/0 is directly connected, Serial1
Banglore# ping 192.168.1.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 ms
Banglore#
23
Diagram

24. Hyderabad# ping 192.168.3.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.3.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 ms
Hyderabad# ping 192.168.2.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.2.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 ms
Hyderabad#
24
Diagram

25. Chennai# ping 192.168.1.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 ms
Chennai# ping 192.168.3.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.3.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 ms
Chennai#
25
Diagram

26. Banglore# ping 192.168.1.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 ms
Banglore# ping 192.168.2.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.2.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 ms
Banglore#
26
Diagram