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Wines of Italy
- 1. WINES OF ITALY © 2012 Julia Sevenich German Wine School
- 2. Italy - History •4000 years wine cultivation •Established by Etruscans and Greeks •Important wine trade during the Roman Empire •Local importance in the Middle Ages •Renaissance in the 19th century •Establishment of the DOC/DOCG system 1963
- 3. Italy Current Wine Statistics (source Trade Data Analysis 2010) Per Capita Annual Consumption • Wine 42 liters • Beer 31 liters • Bottled Water 177 liters US Americans drink 9 liters and Brits 20 liters per capita annually, but Italy has far less binge drinking and alcohol abuse problems.
- 4. Italy Current Wine Statistics (OIV 2009) Per Capita Annual Consumption Production • Total vineyard area 812,000 ha • 47 million hl • 22% world export volume • More than 300 DOC and DOCG zones • More than 2,000 wine types registered
- 5. 20 Wine Regions in Italy
- 6. Italy
- 7. Italy Classification: Following the French example, the classification system introduced in 1963, which was amended in 1992, comprises four levels of quality: • Vini da Tavola (V.d.T.) • Indicazione Geografica Tipica (I.G.T) • Denominazione di Origine Controllata (D.O.C) • Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita (74 D.O.C.G. as of 19.10.2011)
- 10. Italy - Liguria Geography Steep mountain slopes along coast from French border to Tuscany Climate Moderate Mediterranean climate Soil Limestone soils Main DOC region Cinqueterre
- 11. Italy – Liguria The main grape varieties White Red • Vermentino • Rossese • Pigato • Sangiovese • Bosco • Ormeasco (Dolcetto) • Albarola • Granaccia
- 12. Italy - Piemonte
- 13. Italy - Piedmont Total vineyards ca. 60,000 ha Total production ca. 2,700,000 hl DOC/G production 2,276,353 hl (84%)
- 14. Italy - Piedmont Geography •Piedmont, literally in the foothills •bordered by the Alps in the North and in the West •Borders Switzerland and France •Apennines to the south, separating it from Liguria, Climate •Continental – long, cold winters and hot, humid summers •Wine-growing is prolific •Concentrated cultivation in the hills bordering Liguria Soil •meager •marl and limestone
- 15. Italy - Piedmont white wine varieties Moscato – Fizzy or sparkling and sweet • Moscato d’Asti • Asti Spumante Cortese – Dry, restrained, elegant and mineral • Cortese di Gavi • Gavi di Gavi Arneis – Dry, soft, fruity
- 16. Italy - Piedmont red wine grape varieties Barbera •Workhorse grape •Traditional style: soft and fruity wines •Modern style: barrique-matured and more tannic •Varietal labeling Dolcetto: •Deep colored •Can be tannic and quite rustic •New-style Dolcetto •Varietal labeling
- 17. Italy – Piedmont red wine grape varieties Nebbiolo •Noble grape of Piedmont •Among the finest wines of the world •Late-ripening •needs best vineyard locations •Lighter-colored, tannic wines with pronounced acidity •“tarry” characters •DOCG – Barolo, Barbaresco (South) – Gattinara, Ghemme (North)
- 18. Italy – Piedmont Barolo DOCG (red) • 1,100 ha • Core villages – Barolo, La Morra, Monforte, Serralunga • 100% Nebbiolo of the Michet, Lampia and Rosé subvarieties • Minimum barrel storage – 38 months – Riserva, 60 months • Traditionalists/Modernists
- 19. Italy – Piedmont Barbaresco DOCG (red) •450 ha •Core villages – Barbaresco, Neive, Treiso •100% Nebbiolo of the Michet, Lampia and Rosé subvarieties •Minimum barrel storage – 24 months – Riserva, 48 months
- 20. Italy - Aosta Valley Geography smallest Italian region up to 1,200 m Climate Warm summers and cold winters Soil Fertile, alluvial soils Of special interest Europe’s highest altitude vineyard: Blanc de Morgex DOC
- 21. Italy - Lombardy
- 22. Italy - Lombardy Geography •Stretches from the alpine foothills to the Po valley Climate •Cool winters •mild summers •warmer in the south Soil •stony loam in the north •sandy loam and clay in the south
- 23. Italy – Lombardy Wine production and wine production styles North: Valtellina – high-altitude red wines from the Nebbiolo grape – 500 ha Superiore • incl. Grumello, Inferno, Sassela, Valgella Central: Franciacorta – hills around Erbusco – high-quality Champagne-style sparkling wines – dry reds from international varieties South: Oltrepo Pavese – dry red blend of Barbera, Croatina and Uva Rara
- 24. Italy – Lombardy The main grape varieties White Red • Trebbiano di Lugana • Chiavennasca • Pinot Bianco (Nebbiolo) • Chardonnay • Pinot Nero
- 25. Italy - Alto Adige & Trentino Geography •Adige river valley in the Alps •Trentino is further south, towards lake Garda Climate •Cool, but sheltered area Soil •Alluvial, sandy and gravelly soils
- 26. Italy – Alto Adige & Trentino Wine production and wine production styles Alto Adige •356,420 hl •Fresh, cool-climate white wines from international varieties •Fresh and light red wines from indigenous grapes •Kalterer See, St. Magdalener, Lagrein Trentino •864,975 hl •60% white, mainly from Chardonnay •Reds from indigenous varieties
- 27. Italy – Alto Adige & Trentino The main grape varieties: White Red •Pinot Bianco • Vernatsch •Pinot Grigio • Lagrein •Riesling • Pinot Nero •Sauvignon Blanc • Merlot •Gewürztraminer • Cabernet Sauvignon •Chardonnay • Teroldego
- 28. Italy – Alto Adige & Trentino The main DOC regions Alto Adige •Alto Adige + varietal name (white or red) •St. Magdalener (Vernatsch) •Kalterer See (Vernatsch) Trentino •Teroldego Rotaliano •Trentino + varietal name (white or red)
- 29. Italy – Veneto (c) 2010 Julia Sevenich
- 30. Italy - Veneto Geography •Stretches from the foothills of the Alps from Lake Garda to the northwestern coast of the Adriatic Sea Climate •Maritime influence •interior: hot summers, harsh foggy winters Soil •Hills: basalt and limestone •Po Valley: fertile alluvial soils
- 31. Italy – Veneto The main grape varieties White Red • Garganega • Corvina • Prosecco • Molinara • Trebbiano di Soave • Rondinella
- 32. Italy - Veneto Most important wines • Prosecco (white sparkling) – DOCG: Colli Asolani, Asolo, Conegliano, Valdobbiadene • Soave Superiore (white) • Valpolicella (red) – Many styles: – Superiore, Ripasso, Amarone, Recioto, Recioto Spumante
- 33. Italy - Veneto • Recioto – Distinctive category of wine made from dried grapes – red (Valpolicello) or white (Soave) – Traditional old style – Botrytis and intentionally oxidative – Modern style – excludes Botrytis, sometimes oaked
- 34. Italy – Veneto Valpolicella Valpolicella blend • Corvina veronese, 40-70% • Rondinella, 20-40% • Molinara, 5-25% • Barbera, up to 15% • Negrara trentina and/or Rossignola and/or Sangiovese, 15% • other local red varieties, up to 5%.
- 35. Italy – Veneto Valpolicella • Valpolicella DOC • Recioto della Valpolicella • Valpolicella Superiore DOC DOCG – dry, red – Sweet, red – 12 months maturation – grapes partially dried – min. 14% alcohol • Valpolicella Ripasso DOC • Amarone della Valpolicella • Recioto della Valpolicella DOCG Spumante DOCG – Sweet, red – dry, red – Sparkling – grapes partially dried – Min. 14% alcohol – min. 14% alcohol – 24 months maturation
- 36. Italy Friuli - Venezia Giulia Geography •Northeast •borders Austria and Slovenia •Protected by mountains to the North and Northeast Climate •moderate Mediterranean climate Soil •Grave del Friuli – gravel and pebbles from decomposed rock •Colli Orientali and of the Collio – porous soils - sandstone, marl, loam and maritime chalk
- 37. Italy Friuli – Venezia Giulia Wine production and wine production styles •Known for fresh and fruity varietal white wines •Crisp, cool-climate reds •Picolit – Dessert wine – Poor pollination at flowering – No botrytis
- 38. Italy Friuli - Venezia Giulia The main grape varieties White Red • Tocai Friulano • Tazzelenghe • Ribolla • Refosco • Malvasia d’Istria • Schiopettino • Verduzzo • Merlot • Picolit • Cabernet Franc • Chardonnay • Cabernet Sauvignon • Pinot Bianco • Pinot Grigio • Sauvignon Blanc
- 39. Italy - Emilia Romagna Geography • plains along the river Po • some hilly areas in the Romagna Climate • mild • cool air from the North Soil • fertile sandy soils and loam in the plains • rocky limestone in the Romagna area
- 41. Italy - Emilia-Romagna Wine production and wine production styles •Mainly simple, basic wines produced •Wine styles are light and fresh, due to cool climate •Home of Lambrusco –most Lambrusco are frothy, semi-sweet and low in alcohol –Most made in industrial quantities –Tank fermented or carbonated –Sometimes pasteurized –Red, rosé and white
- 42. Central Italy and Sangiovese
- 43. Italy - Umbria
- 44. Italy - Umbria Geography •Umbria is situated in the center of the boot •mountainous and hilly •no sea access Climate •Moderate Mediterranean •Lago di Trasimeno regulates humidity and temperature Soil •variable
- 45. Italy - Umbria Most important wines •Orvieto - simple, dry, white •Sangiovese – easy drinking reds •Merlot - international styled in oak •Montefalco Sagrantino DOCG (red) •Torgiano Riserva DOCG (red) •Vin Santo (sweet, usually white)
- 46. Italy – The Marches
- 47. Italy - The Marches Geography •Adriatic Sea •Mountainous terrain Climate •Apennine mountains as rain shelter •cool north-west winds •Large temperature differences Soil •Limestone •Loam
- 48. Italy - Abruzzi Geography •Adriatic Sea •Mountainous terrain Climate •Apennine mountains as rain shelter •cool north-west winds •Large temperature differences Soil •Limestone •Loam
- 49. Italy - Molise Geography •Adriatic Sea •Mountainous terrain Climate •Apennine mountains as rain shelter •cool north-west winds •Large temperature differences Soil •Limestone •Loam
- 50. Italy – Marches, Abruzzi, Molise Wine production and wine production styles • 8% of Italian production • Mainly dry white and red wines • Cool climate gives scope for innovative wine-making • Most important wines – Verdicchio dei Castelli di Jesi DOCG(white) – Montepulciano d’Abruzzo Colline Teramane (red)
- 51. Italy Marches, Abruzzi, Molise The main grape varieties White Red • Verdicchio • Sangiovese • Trebbiano • Montepulciano • Vernaccia • Lacrima di Morro • Maceratino • Biancame
- 52. Tuscany
- 53. Italy - Tuscany Total vineyards ca. 66,000 ha Total production ca. 2,800,000 hl DOC/G production 1,749,601 hl (62%)
- 54. Italy - Tuscany Geography •Central Italy •Hills Climate •Moderate – Mediterranean influences – Continental influences Soil •Sand, clay, and marl on plains and in river valleys •Calcareous topsoil over limestone rock and gravel dominates hills
- 55. Italy – Tuscany Most important wines all based on Sangiovese! •Chianti DOCG (red) •Chianti Classico DOCG (red) •Brunello di Montalcino DOCG (red) •Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG (red)
- 56. Italy-Tuscany Chianti DOCG (red) • Sangiovese 75-100% •Chianti Sub-regions • Canaiolo nero <10% •Colli Aretini • Trebbiano toscano and/or •Colli Fiorentini Malvasia <10% •Colli Senesi • other local red varieties •Colline Pisane <15% •Montalbano • Superiore – higher % alc. •Montespertoli • Riserva – matured 24 •Rufina months
- 57. Italy – Tuscany •Chianti Classico DOCG (red) –Sangiovese 80-100%; other local red varieties <20% –Hilly –wines fine and long-lived –between Florence and Siena –Riserva - matured 24 months
- 58. Italy - Tuscany Brunello di Montalcino DOCG (red) • 1888 first bottling under this name by Biondi-Santi • 100% Sangiovese • From south of Siena, warmer climate than Chianti • Traditionally matured in large casks • Aged 50 months • Riserva aged 60 months Rosso di Montalcino DOC • Brunello’s “little brother” • released after 12 months
- 59. Italy - Tuscany Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG (red) • Sangiovese (Prugnolo gentile) 70% minimum • Canaiolo nero <10% • other local non-aromatic varieties <20% – (white varieties, up to 10%) • Aged 26 months • Riserva aged 36 months Rosso di Montepulciano DOC • Vino Nobile’s “little brother”
- 60. Italy - Tuscany Bolgheri DOC • Bianco – Trebbiano toscano, 10-70%; Vermentino, 10-70%; Sauvignon, 10-70%; other local white varieties, up to 30% • Rosso and Rosato – Cabernet Sauvignon, 10-80%; Merlot, up to 80%; Sangiovese, up to 70%; other local red varieties, up to 30% • Varietals – variety indicated in the name 85%; other similar varieties 15% • Sassicaia – Cabernet Sauvignon, 80%; other local red varieties, up to 20%
- 61. Italy - Tuscany White wines • Vernaccia di San Gimignano DOCG – Dry, light and fresh wine produced around town of San Gimignano from Vernaccia • Vin Santo – Dessert wine produced from dried Trebbiano and Malvasia grapes – Passito
- 63. Italy - Lazio Geography •Hills and plains •Tyrrhenian Sea •Appenine mountains Climate •Mild •maritime Soil •fertile sand and loam •some volcanic rock
- 64. Italy - Lazio Wine production and wine production styles •Large production volume •85% white wine •Most important wines – Frascati Cannellino (white) – Frascati Superiore (white)
- 66. Italy - Campania Geography •South-western Italy, with its capital Naples Climate •moderate Mediterranean climate at the coast •hot continental climate in the interior Soil •volcanic soils •sandy tuff •limestone
- 67. Italy - Campania Wine production and wine production styles •Predominantly Vino da Tavola •Emerging as high quality region of southern Italy Most important wines – Fiano di Avalino DOCG (white) – Greco di Tufo DOCG (white) – Taurasi DOCG (red) – Aglianico del Taburno DOCG (red)
- 68. Italy - Calabria Geography •South-western tip of the Italian boot Climate •Mediterranean, strong winter rains Soil •Fertile alluvial soils, terrain mainly hilly
- 69. Italy - Calabria Wine production and wine production styles •Predominantly Vino da Tavola •Most important wines – Cirò Classico • oldest traditional region • red (Galliopo) or white (Greco di Bianco) – Cirò Superiore • > 13,5 % alcohol, red (Galliopo) – Cirò Riserva • matured for min, 2 years, red – Greco di Bianco • sweet white dessert wine, passito method
- 70. Italy - Apulia Geography •Mainly hilly region, some fertile plains Climate •Hot and very dry Soil •Limestone and volcanic rock
- 71. Italy - Basilicata Geography •Mainly hilly region, some fertile plains Climate •Hot and very dry Soil •Limestone and volcanic rock
- 72. Italy - Apulia & Basilicata Wine production and wine production styles •Predominantly Vino da Tavola •80% of production is red wine •Most important wines – Apulia: • Primitivo de Manduria DOCG (red) • Salice Salentino DOC (red) – Basilicata • Aglianico del Vulture DOCG (red)
- 73. Italy - Apulia & Basilicata The main grape varieties White Red • Trebbiano • Montepulciano • Bombino Nero • Bombino Bianco • Aglianico del Vulture • Primitivo (Zinfandel) • Bianco d’Alessano • Uva di Troia • Negroamaro • Malvasia Nera
- 74. Italy - Sicily
- 75. Italy - Sicily Geography •Largest Mediterranean island, long coastline •85% mountains and hilly, rest plains Climate •Mediterranean, hot and dry, strong winds Soil •Fertile soils, loam and sand, volcanic rock
- 76. Italy - Sicily Wine production and wine production styles •Home of table wines •Cooperatives •Marsala is Italian equivalent to Sherry •Local wines just developing •Popularity of international grape varieties Most important wines – Marsala – Nero d’Avola – Internationally styled varietal wines
- 77. Italy- Sicily The main grape varieties: White Red • Inzolia • Nero d’Avola (Calabrese) • Cataratto Bianco • Nerello • Grecanico • Perticone • Grillo • Cabernet Sauvignon • Malvasia • Merlot • Zibibbo (Moscato clone) • Chardonnay • Sauvignon Blanc
- 79. Sardinia Geography • 200 km west of the coast Climate • Maritime • Wet and mild winters • Hot summers Soil • Fertile soils, sand and loam
- 80. Italy – Sardinia 1 DOCG: Vermentino di Gallura (white) Sardinia’s main grape varieties White Red • Vermentino • Bovale (Bobal) •Malvasia Sarda • Cannonau • Torbato (Garnacha) • Vernaccia di Oristan • Carignano • Nuragus • Girò • Monica
- 81. Italy The End ©2012 Julia Sevenich, www.julia7ich.com