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Facial Expression 
Research
Ferguson 
Marjorie Ferguson (1980) identified four types of facial expression 
in the cover photos of British women’s magazines: 
•Chocolate Box 
•Invitational 
•Super Smiler 
•Romantic or Sexual
Chocolate Box: 
•Half or full-smile 
•Lips together or slightly parted, 
•Teeth barely visible, 
•Full or three-quarter face to 
camera. 
Projected mood: 
• Blandly pleasing, 
• Warm bath warmth, 
• Where uniformity of features in 
their smooth perfection is devoid 
of uniqueness or of individuality.
Invitational 
• Emphasis on the eyes 
• Mouth shut or with only a hint of 
a smile 
• Head to one side or looking back 
to camera. 
Projected mood: 
• Suggestive of mischief or 
mystery 
• The hint of contact potential 
rather than sexual promise 
• The cover equivalent of 
advertising’s soft sell.
Super Smiler 
• Full face 
• Fide open toothy smile 
• Head thrust forward or chin 
thrown back 
• Hair often wind-blown 
• Projected mood: 
• Aggressive 
• ‘Look-at-me’ demanding 
• The hard sell 
• ‘Big come-on’ approach
Romantic or Sexual 
• A fourth and more general 
classification devised to include 
male and female ‘two-somes’; or 
the dreamy, heavy-lidded, 
unsmiling big-heads, or the 
overtly sensual or sexual. 
Projected moods: 
•possible ‘available’ 
•definitely ‘available’.
Millum 
In a study of advertisements in women’s magazines, Trevor Millum 
offers this category of male facial expressions: 
• Carefree 
• Practical 
• Seductive 
• Comic 
• Catalogue
Carefree 
• Nymphlike 
• Active 
• Healthy 
• Gay 
• Vibrant 
• Outdoor guy 
• Often smiling or laughing
Practical 
• Concentrating 
• Engaged on business in hand 
• Mouth Closed 
• Eyes object-directed 
• Sometimes slight frown 
• Hair often short
Seductive 
• Indifferent 
• Self sufficient 
• Arrogant 
• Slightly Insolent 
• Haughty 
• Aloof 
• Confident 
• Lips straight or slightly parted 
• Obtrusive hair – often blonde
Comic 
• Deliberately ridiculous 
• Exaggerating 
• Acting a fool 
• Pulling faces for audience
Catalogue 
• A neutral look 
• Artificial 
• Wax-like 
• Features may be in any position 
• Likely to have eyes open wide 
and have a smile 
• Look still remains vacant and 
empty 
• No personality

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Facial Expression Research

  • 2. Ferguson Marjorie Ferguson (1980) identified four types of facial expression in the cover photos of British women’s magazines: •Chocolate Box •Invitational •Super Smiler •Romantic or Sexual
  • 3. Chocolate Box: •Half or full-smile •Lips together or slightly parted, •Teeth barely visible, •Full or three-quarter face to camera. Projected mood: • Blandly pleasing, • Warm bath warmth, • Where uniformity of features in their smooth perfection is devoid of uniqueness or of individuality.
  • 4. Invitational • Emphasis on the eyes • Mouth shut or with only a hint of a smile • Head to one side or looking back to camera. Projected mood: • Suggestive of mischief or mystery • The hint of contact potential rather than sexual promise • The cover equivalent of advertising’s soft sell.
  • 5. Super Smiler • Full face • Fide open toothy smile • Head thrust forward or chin thrown back • Hair often wind-blown • Projected mood: • Aggressive • ‘Look-at-me’ demanding • The hard sell • ‘Big come-on’ approach
  • 6. Romantic or Sexual • A fourth and more general classification devised to include male and female ‘two-somes’; or the dreamy, heavy-lidded, unsmiling big-heads, or the overtly sensual or sexual. Projected moods: •possible ‘available’ •definitely ‘available’.
  • 7. Millum In a study of advertisements in women’s magazines, Trevor Millum offers this category of male facial expressions: • Carefree • Practical • Seductive • Comic • Catalogue
  • 8. Carefree • Nymphlike • Active • Healthy • Gay • Vibrant • Outdoor guy • Often smiling or laughing
  • 9. Practical • Concentrating • Engaged on business in hand • Mouth Closed • Eyes object-directed • Sometimes slight frown • Hair often short
  • 10. Seductive • Indifferent • Self sufficient • Arrogant • Slightly Insolent • Haughty • Aloof • Confident • Lips straight or slightly parted • Obtrusive hair – often blonde
  • 11. Comic • Deliberately ridiculous • Exaggerating • Acting a fool • Pulling faces for audience
  • 12. Catalogue • A neutral look • Artificial • Wax-like • Features may be in any position • Likely to have eyes open wide and have a smile • Look still remains vacant and empty • No personality