Mattingly "AI & Prompt Design: The Basics of Prompt Design"
Lecture sept13
1. Today’s Agenda (9/13) 1/ Go over shifts in scientific worldview, and place in the political context of Absolutism 2/ 18th-Century life and thought (lecture) 3/ Montesquieu Persian Letters (discussion) 4/ Kant “What is Enlightenment?” (Alexandra) 5/ Paper assignment handout
7. Changes in the 18th Century:Enlightenment and Beyond September 13 & 15, 2011
8. Changes in the 17th and 18th Century Scientific Worldview New questions about authority in religion Emergence of a new secular public sphere Wealth shifted and became more accessible Transformation in relationships between men and women, and between couples and children Extreme population spike
9. Shifts in Values Population Boom (from 1740)First time population growth was un-checked by a demographic crisis Political Doubt De-authorize religion
10. Population Increase Long been a population increase, but this one (circa 1740) was left unchecked by a demographic crisis 1700 = European Population estimate at 120 million 1800 = >180 million
11. Thomas Malthus (1766–1834) An Essay on the Principles of Population Observed that population grew (and then shrunk) in a cyclical pattern A trauma (famine, war, disease) would diminish a population to keep it from growing too much Approved of celibacy, late marriage; but equally prominent were abortion, infanticide, contraception
12. Increased fertility / decreased mortality Trained doctors and midwives Children surviving birth and first ten years Sexual activity outside marriage (prostitution, etc.)
16. Reading Culture Salons made reading communal Reading was *fun* Circulation of new ideas about democracy and freedom
17. Montesquieu, Persian Letters (1721) Letters #8, 9, 24, 26, 51, 60, 62 http://rbsche.people.wm.edu/teaching/plp/ Letter 8, the deference to a king Letter 9, sexuality as a metaphor, but more than a metaphor too.
How did this question the Great Chain of Being? http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MEDIA_1/history/MHL/WW/documents/Galileo_Galilei_Third_Letter_on_Sunspots.html
Galileo’s first telescopic drawings of the Moon (1610). Because he showed the Moon to be a solid body with irregular surface features, he would later argue that the Earth was not unique. Using simple geometry, he used the shadows cast by the lunar mountains to calculate correctly their height. This led to his disagreement with Artistotle's theory of an immutable universe and to his controversial defense of the Copernican system in 1632.
Talk about invisible hand theories of population growth